I remember at 13 years old being able to put together a contraption that could shoot popcorn seed bullets. It would fire the popcorn seed fast enough to penetrate a row of aluminum cans (with entrance and exit holes in each can), and used small firecrackers as propellant, so clearly the concept was functional. This was nothing more than a simple capped pipe with a tiny hole where the firecracker fuse could exit so it could be lit and the cap unscrewable so it could be reloaded. Other than clearly being more dangerous, firing metal bullets out of it wouldn't have been much of a stretch, especially if the ignition system were reduced to something electrical instead of mechanical as in a gun. (example: black powder with a spark gap or heating element).
Why go to the hassle of designing a one-shot gun that requires investment in a 3d-printer when it's possible to just as easily design a similar gun with probably less than $100 in home improvement supplies?
Yep, one shot gun can easily be created without special equipment, might even survive multiple uses too, but it still require certain amount of skill. 3D printing is definitely easier if you already have the equipment.