Bitcoin Core *may* be able to read the wallet file (I think it should since not too much has changed in the wallet file). You probably have to run Bitcoin Core with the -upgradewallet option.
I heard that I cannot just copy my wallet.dat and that I have to specifically make a backup somehow, do you have any idea of the validity of that claim?
Let's say I just take my old wallet.dat without specifically making a backup (whatever that means) and throw it in Bitcoin core 0.12.19 and use the upgrade wallet option, will that risk my coins if the wallet cannot be read?