My PC was recently wiped, but I saved my wallet.dat file. I redownloaded Bitcoin Core, and about 55% through the resync I shut it down and switched the wallet.dat files. I started it back up, it synced for a bit, and then comes across a fatal error and shuts down, redirecting me to the debug.log file. Is my old wallet.dat file causing this, and I need to wait for it to sync to change around wallet.dat files? Or is something worse happening?
Can you post the debug.log here (it's in the same directory as the wallet.dat file is).
It could be many other things, not only your wallet.dat that can be causing the problems, and if it is the wallet.dat, if you can extract the private keys from it and import it into a lightweight wallet like
electrum then you can get your coins out.