What I'm thinking is you might have previously connected Sparrow to Core using either options (not Fulcrum) which created a watching-only wallet.
Thus the wallet where you're seeing the sending transactions.
But now that you're using Fulcrum, your new descriptors from the other (new?) hardware wallet aren't imported to that existing watch-only wallet.
You can get it from Sparrow Wallet: "Settings Tab->Export>Output Descriptors"
Then import the Bitcoin Core-compatible descriptors to Bitcoin Core using importdescriptors command.
Thank you! I managed to fix it with a Core reinstall before I saw your reply, but the logic of *how* to fix it was bugging the heck out of me. Your reply makes a lot of sense so I think it would have fixed it, but unfortunately I won't be able to find out for sure Nonetheless you've finally put my mind at ease trying to figure out what the problem was haha.