In 2015, two economists who worked at the Central Bank of Barbados had released a paper titled, Should Cryptocurrencies Be Included In The Portfolio Of International Reserves Held By The Central Bank Of Barbados? This paper examines the potential role of Bitcoin as part of the portfolio of external assets held by a central bank. Using the case of Barbados, the paper also provides a simulation of the effect holding some proportion of their asset base would have had on the stability of the foreign reserves as well as the return on the portfolio of assets.
1. Potential risks, lack of regulation and control over the money supply of Bitcoin would cause price instability, financial instability, and payment system instability.
2. Since Bitcoin reduces the effectiveness of monetary policy at the country level, there should be a greater international cooperation through the International Monetary Fund (IMF) by offering quasi-membership status to Bitcoin and holding reserves of it to counter speculative attacks.
The study employed two approaches to assess the viability of Bitcoin in the international reserves portfolio of the Central Bank of Barbados, counterfactual simulation and a Monte Carlo forecasts.
Counterfactual simulations done over the period 2009 to 2015 suggested that adding Bitcoin to the reserve portfolio of the central bank would not significantly increase volatility but could provide opportunities to offset exchange rate depreciations against
major currencies such as the Pound and the Euro.
If 0.01 percent of reserves were invested in Bitcoin from November 2010 to April 2015, while the volatility of reserves would have been quite similar, the Bitcoin reserves would have been $291,926. This theoretical figure is more than 20 percent greater than any of the other major currencies would have generated.
Bitcoin is still very much in the early stages of adoption. As a result, there are many issues that have to be surpassed. The markets for the sale of Bitcoin are unregulated, unless recognised commercial banking, financial, and central banking entities actively participate in the market, the probability of a nation holding Bitcoins as part of their portfolio of international reserves is minimal.
The study concluded, given that Barbados maintains a peg against the US dollar, it is necessary that the Central Bank of Barbados holds enough of various currencies as a precaution against speculative attacks and if Bitcoin is incorporated into the portfolio of foreign balances of the Central Bank of Barbados, that its share should be relatively small, such as the 0.01% model referred to above, it falls within the acceptable margin of volatility with a likely chance of significant returns.
http://www.centralbank.org.bb/Portals/0/Files/Working_Papers/2015/Should%20Cryptocurrencies%20be%20included%20in%20the%20Portfolio%20of%20International%20Reserves%20held%20by%20the%20Central%20Bank%20of%20Barbados.pdf