After further investigating the issue I'm experiencing with my node and the Android wallet app with SPV functionality may have something to do with my cell carrier seemingly only offering IPV6 addresses yet my router only allowing IPV4 through and the IP4 being mapped to an IP6 address.
Then your carrier must be routing your, and everyone else's, IPV6 address through NAT to represent a single IPV4 address for everybody, using different ports internally for each user, opened on the networking hardware.
Having only IPV6 supported makes it impossible to connect to IPV4 servers, and vice versa. It is different from running an IPV6 device behind IPV4 NAT because your pc/phone's network stack doesn't know about the IPV4 address.
Your node probably doesn't have an IPV6 address. That's why carriers should be offering both protocols, because mainstream is not ready to only use IPV6 yet.