First question: With three to choose from how did it pick this address?
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The wallet spends a previously received output in entirety. If the other tow addresses hadn't received any bitcoins then the previous output that was spent was the one that was sent to that address that you saw.
This is unlikely. You'd have to provide details (bitcoin addresses, transactionIDs) for me to identify what you were actually seeing, but I suspect that the transaction had two outputs, one to the address the coins were sent to and another to send the change back to a newly created (and hidden from you) "change" address in Bitcoin-Qt.
As has been explained, there is no "sender address" there is only a previously unspent output. The output that you are referring to as the "sender address" was the "change" from the first transaction being sent back to Bitcoin-Qt. In the second transaction, this change output is then spent. When Bitcoin-Qt creates a "change" address, it keeps track of it for you in the wallet.dat file but doesn't tell you about that new address in the user interface.