You are missing the command to install the /lib folders too, I think. It looks like it can't find any of its libraries.
So repeat this command but replace "bin" with "lib" and then Bitcoin Core should start properly.
Is it really needed? I don't remember seeing any guide which state to install file on lib folder. Bitcoin Qt also run fine on my Debian device even though i only install file on bin folder where it can start sync.
libbitcoinconsensus.so in the /lib folder is required to start Bitcoin Core I think. It's a fairly recent development.