Zero replies? Not sure whether OP is still around but let me try:
...Whereas in the United Kingdom, bitcoin is treated as private money and is subject to value added tax, corporate tax, income tax and capital gains tax.
Every commercial activity is subject to tax, whether you provide goods/services in exchange for GBP, BTC or other goods.
Taxation of bitcoin varies, and depends on your circumstances. If you're a business and sell for btc - you're subject to corporation tax. If you're an individual and ie. your employer pays you in bitcoins (entirely or partially) - you're subject to income tax. If you held some bitcoins and decided to sell them, you might be subject to Capital Gains Tax (on the amount above CG allowance, currently £11,100).
You don't pay VAT on bitcoin per se. If you sell bitcoins as a business activity, or if you're a miner, you're not expected to add VAT on such transactions, as far as I know.
But if you're running a business and you're VAT registered (there are exemptions for small companies) then yes, you still need to include VAT in the price whether you sell for GBP or BTC. Same applies if you decided to accept any other good as a payment.
Since bitcoin is property in the US, when lost or stolen, there are deductions available. Does it mean that when taxed under UK laws, bitcoin cannot be subject to any deductions or exemptions because it is not property but money? What about when bitcoin is given as a gift - what is the proper way of taxation?
I'm not aware of and that's the first time I hear about (individual) tax deductions for goods lost or stolen. I'm sure it's not a case, but if it was, money/btc/any other good would likely be treated in the same way.
Gifts are not taxable afaik, again it doesn't matter whether it's money or physical good. Person gifting other person has already paid income tax on that amount, so their free do with it as they please. It wouldn't be fair to double tax it (although there was some sort of capital transfer tax in the UK, abolished decades ago). Things are bit more complex if it comes to inheritance tax though.
Disclaimer: The above was written to the best of my knowledge, but I may be wrong. For professional advice, best enquire directly with HMRC and/or with qualified tax advisor.