Quote
. . . essentially a base-128 representation of an unsigned integer with the addition of the eighth bit to mark continuation of bytes . . . The encoding assumes an octet (an eight-bit byte) where the most significant bit (MSB), also commonly known as the sign bit, is reserved to indicate whether another variable length integer octet follows . . .
Here is a worked out example for the decimal number 137:
Another way to look at this is to represent the value in base-128, and then set the MSB of all but the last base-128 digit to 1.
Here is a worked out example for the decimal number 137:
- Represent the value in binary notation (e.g. 137 as 10001001)
- Break it up in groups of 7 bits starting from the lowest significant bit (e.g. 137 as 0000001 0001001). This is equivalent to representing the number in base 128.
- Take the lowest 7 bits and that gives you the least significant byte (0000 1001). This byte comes last.
- For all the other groups of 7 bits (in the example, this is 000 0001), set the MSB to 1 (which gives 1000 0001 in our example). Thus 137 becomes 1000 0001 0000 1001 where the bits in boldface are something we added. These added bits denote if there is another byte to follow or not. Thus, by definition, the very last byte of a variable length integer will have 0 as its MSB.
Another way to look at this is to represent the value in base-128, and then set the MSB of all but the last base-128 digit to 1.