Here is a quick synopsis of what makes this architecture unique. Please read the white paper for more details.(Chapter 1 discusses the philosophical foundation & principles. Chapter 2 onward discusses the protocol and design - if you want to get to the technical stuff straight away)
Much appreciate your intelligent feedback.
Atomic micro block chains
Current blockchain systems have a single gigantic blockchain that stores all the data in the system's universe and requires every full node to keep a full copy of this entire giant block-chain. This immediately makes the system non-scalable.
In Chakra, what is stored are atomic micro block chains. An atomic block chain stores history of a single data structure at a single address.
Distributed Storage of Atomic Block Chains
The address space is split into segments and nodes are randomly assigned zones that cover a range of these segments. The atomic block chains having addresses belonging to an address segment are stored only by the nodes that have been assigned zones that include that address segment. By doing this, the address space load is distributed among the node population and makes Chakra extremely scalable.
Hierarchical Replication of Atomic Block-chains
A single address segment is replicated across a hierarchy of zones. The number of tiers and hence the amount of replication is a primary system parameter.
Consensus through Random Representative-Publics (Re-public)
Current blockchains use Proof of Work and Proof of Stake algorithms to achieve consensus. Proof of work is extremely inefficient and costly and proof of stakes do not lend themselves to truly large democracies. Transaction latencies are very high.
The set of nodes that are randomly assigned to zones that cover a single address segment become a set of delegates with authority over that segment as representives of the whole population. This set of nodes is called the Segment's Authority Chain (SAC). For a transaction to be committed to an address in a segment, all the nodes in the SAC must validate the transaction and reach consensus. Due to the small set of nodes in a SAC (typically between 16 to 32) and the fact that they all will have preexisting network connections to each other, transactions can be processed very efficiently, with low latency and even synchronously (i.e immediately receiving a definitive result).
Actively Randomized Authority Chains
Unlike current block-chains, Chakra is immune to the 51% attack.
Firstly, due to the data being distributed in micro block-chains, there never is a case of taking control of the entire system.
To prevent a set of colluding nodes from taking control of a segment's authority chain, the zones assigned to nodes are actively reassigned randomly. By doing this, it is made statistically impossible to take control of a Segment Authority Chain in a reasonably sized node population. For example, in a system with 2^24 segments and 32 nodes per segment authority chain, the probability that a malicious group takes control of the segment is just 1 in 2^408 - a statistical impossibility. Even if the malicious group controls 50% of the nodes, they still only have a 1 in 2^32 chance of taking control of any specific segment authority chain.
The above features together, effectively distributes the data and transaction load across the node population while achieving robust fault tolerance, security and determinism.
We are trying to create a blockchain eco-system that is open transparent, truly democratic, incorruptible and guarantees fundamental rights immutably at the blockchain level. A platform that can realistically replace flawed social, economic and governance systems and institutions that we are forced to rely on today. We call it Noble Nation.
Disclaimer: We are doing an ICO to raise funds to make this a reality. This is no trivial task and we hope to mobilize a global movement of people who really believe in this. But we need help, top talent and support across the board, not to mention that ICO participants will also serve as the initial body of citizens in the Noble Nation.
While this thread is created purely for technical discussion and not for the sake of promoting our ICO, your of course most welcome to participate in our ICO
.Thanks in advance, look forward to your comments.