Hi there, I know BTC from long time but I never was go in deep in rabbit hole.
Can someone explain me.
How exactly it is working.
Who is hosting BTC?
there is no single host. its a collective of many many thousands of nodes communicating together and agreeing to keep the same data they all agree on by comparing blockhashes which would reveal if there were differences in data by differences in hashes(an easy instant cooperative check of 15 years of data by asking for the latest hash)
Who is hosting mining pools?
many pools are managed by known pool manager brands such as foundry, antpool, viabtc, f2pool
each pool is not one location but servers(stratums) set up in different locations for miners(asic owners) to connect to
If you are not using pools, how can you mining directly from the source?
How to find the main source?
there is no single source. if you want to solo mine you simply broadcast your candidate block hash that meets the threshold of rules to be a possible new block, to the network of many thousands of other nodes, if they agree your block meets the rules and no other candidate does better, your block becomes the next block which all nodes retain and other miners then build ontop of
If no one is hosting BTC, and you are mining on your machine, you still need a internet to confirm the blockchain it is legit, so why is hosting blockchain?
yes you need the internet, but you are not connecting your asic/node to one single host. you connect to multiple nodes whom confirm if your candidate block meets the rules
If BTC transaction fee is going to the miners, how exactly is going to them?
If miners getting their BTC by mining why they are need fee?
there are 2 forms of payment for mining, the scheduled blockreward and the fee's when transactions are added to a block the rules of bitcoin make nodes calculate an error between how much is being spent and adds the missing amount to the reward. thats how fee's work
(using $ for easy demo) if you had $100 but only want the receiver to get $50 and you only want $49 as change. the error remainder is $1 which gets added to block reward
the blockrewrd halves every ~4 years(210,000 more specifically) so miners feel they deserve to be given a bonus by way of a fee when it halves. however the market rate of btc means the $$ of reward increase even when the amount of btc reward halves. its called deflation.
we are not yet at a period where the amount of blockreward is low enough to be pushing for excess fee's as a alternative payment for miners. its just greed of them wanting more then standard economics suggests they deserve
Why on Bitcoin's website there no have software you need for mining? But you must to use third-party software?
What exactly the software is calculating during mining?
mining via software only is an old outdated method, these days you need a physical ASIC device tht has its own software/firmware inside the device.
also there is no singular "bitcoin website"
