I attempted to send bitcoin from my Electrum account, but the coins in the Electrum account were cash.
This need more explanation. But if I get you right, you set the balance to display dollar, if so, you can press on the balance to display the fiat you set but only bitcoin is stored on electrum, electrum can only display bitcoin in fiats but if you press on the balance back, you will see your balance in bitcoin again.
The recipient is of course showing the transaction, but it's showing zero received.
If the transaction that has not been confirmed show on recipient wallet, it may not appear yet on the balance, there are many wallets that does not work like electrum that will display the transaction not yet confirmed, the recepient use wallet that only display the balance when the transaction is completely mined. Do not be confused.
Can I cancel the transaction? Is there anything I can do to get the coins back?
So far it is zero confirmation, you can still cancel the transaction, but you do not need this. I will like you to send the transaction id as
pixie85 said so that we can track it for you. Maybe you use little amount of fee for the transaction, let us check this first and give you appropriate advice.