This would be a hard fork change. Therefore, it would have many of the same "technical problems" as increasing the maximum allowed block size.
It would, but it would also increase the rate at which the blockchain grows in size.
(1) Keep the block reward the same. Disadvantage of course is that coins would be mined faster reaching the 21 million point much sooner.
Correct.
Incorrect. Previous versions would not recognize any of these blocks as "valid". It would reject them all and would fork the blockchain. Previous versions would be incompatible and unable to mine on this chain.
That is, nodes that aren't updated wouldn't accept the new blocks as they'd see your difficulty to be too low and you'd fork the main chain?
Yes, unupdated nodes would reject.
However if 5 times as many blocks are being created, even with only 30% of the hash power of the original main chain, we would still be producing blocks at 150% of that chain. Our chain would be longer.
It doesn't matter which chain is longer. Nodes only accept the longest "VALID" chain. An invalid chain can be 1,000,000% longer, and it would still be rejected. Since un-updated nodes won't recognize these faster blocks as being valid, it would create an altcoin fork.