Cardano (ADA)Cardano, similar to Ethereum, is a smart contract platform committed to becoming a new generation of lower-level basic public chains that are more convenient, faster and smarter, and completely open-source. The founder, Charles Hoskinson was also one of the co-founders of Ethereum. At present, the development progress of Cardano is a smart contract platform, which is called the first blockchain project “driven by scientific philosophy and research”, and its development team is composed of a large number of expert engineers and researchers from around the world. Cardano adopts PoS consensus mechanism that does not require mining and an Ouroboros consensus algorithm.
There are three main official participants in the Cardano project: the Cardano Foundation, Cardano’scommercial incubation company Emurgo and the technology development company IOHK. The Cardano Foundation will promote Cardano to a broader community, popularize cryptocurrency knowledge, and excel in regulatory communication. IOHK is the engineering and code development organization behind Cardano technology. Emurgo is committed to integrating the platform with businesses.
Cardano FoundationCardano is operated by a non-profit company called the Cardano Foundation. The foundation provides multiple development directions for Cardano and the whole blockchain business. They are committed to extend Cardano to wider communities, popularizing cryptocurrency, and communicate with the government for supervision. The foundation provides a standard framework to promote cooperation between enterprises. The service is similar to the Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA) of the Ethereum network and NEO’s partner Onchain. Even though it is not a non-profit organization, it can also connect the public blockchain with the government and enterprises. Blockchain platforms such as NEO, ETH and Cardano are distributed. They provide a centralized publishing organization for enterprises, just like the publishing house of the platform.
Input-Output Hong Kong(IOHK) (Technical Support)IOHK is an academic institution that provides solutions for enterprises and governments to develop blockchains. The agency is led by Charles Hoskins and Jeremy wood, former CEO and executive assistant of ETH.
Among the three institutions behind ADA, IOHK is the most relevant entity of the project, led by Charles Hoskinson and Jeremy Wood. Charles first co-founded Invictus Innovations company, which issued BitShares, and then moved to Ethereum as the CEO! At present, he is the CEO of IOHK! Jeremy used to be an executive assistant of Ethereum. He also worked as a CSO in IOHK for nearly three years.
IOHK supports Cardano and has 17 research teams. These teams have been responsible for the development of Cardano’s technology and digital wallet. IOHK also supports other blockchain projects, including Ethereum Classic.
EmurgoEmurgo, based in Japan, helps existing enterprises and invests in related industries by integrating blockchain technology to connect businesses to the Cardano blockchain. IOHK, Cardano Foundation and Emurgo have a clear division of labor and are associated with each other.
Layered TechnologyIn short, the information that Bitcoin can support is general value transfer data, such as the transfer parties, transfer time and transfer amount. Ethereum, the second generation blockchain, supports more information, such as transfer conditions, reasons, entities involved, etc., which are metadata. Ethereum refers to the connection between actual value transfer and associated metadata as smart contracts, which are programmable contracts.
However, for Ethereum, since there is no separation between settlement and calculation, these information is stored together, regardless of whether metadata needs to be included all the time. The more data in each transaction, the higher the cost, and the more difficult it is for the blockchain to store the information.
Cardano separates transfer and information \. They separate the platform by dividing it into two different layers:
Cardano Settlement Layer (CSL): It is responsible for the token economy and the balance of all user accounts. Cardano’s native token ADA trades through this layer.
Cardano Computation Layer (CCL): Smart contract functions are in this layer and support regulatory elements such as digital identity.
The block reward will be issued every 3.5 minutes. The distribution frequency is as follows: initially, 2,000 ADA tokens will be generated for each block, with a total of 37,44,961 blocks; In the second stage, each block produces 1000 ADA tokens, totaling 37,44,961 blocks; In the third stage, each block produced 500 ADA coins, a total of 37,44,961 blocks. By analogy, it will take about 24 years to halve each block of 37,44,961 and produce three blocks per minute until all of them are released. 75% of the ADA coins generated in each block are used as the reward of the holders, and 25% are used as the reward for technology development and ecosystem builders after the project is launched. As long as users participate in the R & D and development of Cardano application, they may be rewarded.
Development RoadmapAccording to Cardano roadmap, the development stages of Cardano network mainly include the following five stages:
Byron: The guidance phase allows users to trade and transfer ADA tokens.
Shelly: The decentralized stage where it becomes a completely decentralized network.
Goguen: Develop and integrate the smart contract platform in the smart contract stage. (Will be launched soon)
Basho: The scalability phase where the smart contract is improved to increase performance, security and scalability.
Voltaire: The governance stage where IOHK introduces a financial system and governance to ensure the long-term development of communities and projects.
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