What you are saying is possible if they can use alias like Case01, C-patient01, etc. or any code just to indicate that someone near is positive.
No, not really an alias. What I meant was, if the correct and legitimate info you enter on the "contact tracing apps" are not easily accessible by just anyone, then that's fine.
Also, if I understood correctly about how these type of apps work, once a hospital or testing center confirms a positive COVID-19 case-patient, the info is entered on a database (including whoever that person got in touch with based on the parameters provided that would be considered to be a suspected COVID-19 case-patient), then everyone else who will enter their info on these contact tracing apps would be notified and instructed accordingly on what to do next after the database confirms the identity provided by the positive COVID-19 case-patient (without informing the suspected COVID-19 case-patient), then that's alright since the identity of the positive COVID-19 case-patient is still anonymous to those persons that he or she may have a previous contact with beforehand.
As long as there are no data exploited and stolen while keeping and recording the information of the positive cases, there shall be no problem with that.