Through History, we have believed in different stuff. The Sun. The Rain. The market. We already overcame Nietzsche, Palahniuk and Fukuyama. Nowadays we CARE about stuff. We worship immediacy. And religion is still a big part of the human experience but beyond that, do we care about anything else outside the reach of our fingertips?
Most people don´t even take a glimpse at the bigger issues. What about the water and the Earth? Is family still such a strong value? We don´t believe in society or politics either. What´s the next monolith we will kneel before in the future?
When you are no longer pressed living for survival, you can start wondering about "beyond the immediate" issues.
You know it would be real nice if some superior sentience did in fact provoked evolution by placing a monolith :3
To become space faring, one would argue the world issues would be solved. Most popular sci-fi shows present earth "unified" (and even the aliens, they seldom stop and thing an alien world with sentience would have several countries and contradicting positions).
But it makes sense that we would need to overcome our differences, somehow, for true advancement. This is what happened in the very early history of humanity in the modern day Iraq region with the city states that formed after the constant flooding forced the people to cooperate building canals and whatnot.
But then the materialistic will tell you, life is too short to think about things you will never experience. We won't be here to see the last bitcoin minted, for example, who knows of an archive of this forum remains for future generations.
Can you overcome your immediate needs? One thing that Austrian economics teach, is that if someone is willing to, say, forego their immediate needs of working to earn a salary to eat everyday, in order to study or make something that later would easy his living, then this person will live much better later after the sacrifice than not sacrificing and remain living the same as always.
So if you catch a fish with your hands everyday, painfully and slowly, but one day you stop and think and invent a fishing rod, then later your fishing will be much easier and you may even get time for "new" things.
Some people say this space exploration stuff is nonsense when there are so many world problems to solve, for example. Why do it?
I don't have the answer for who is right and who is wrong. Perhaps exploration will bring a discovery that will benefit us all as a whole, or perhaps not. Research is like that, regardless. You can spend countless resources funding projects that end in nothing, but was it better than redirecting all those resources and feed the poor? What if you do find, say cure for Cancer or such?