Account Abstraction is one of the driving forces in the crypto space, making it easier and safer for both new and experienced users to navigate the crypto world. Since the introduction of EIP-4337 at the end of 2021, certain aspects of Web 3 that users were accustomed to, such as managing private key pair wallets or External Owned Accounts (EOAs), paying gas fees for each transaction, signing actions on dApps, and waiting for transaction confirmations, can now be abstracted.
With Account Abstraction, these processes can be executed behind the scenes without the user having to be aware of them. This alleviates the potential overwhelm and frustration that new Web3 users may experience, thus promoting mass adoption. Through EIP-4337, these aspects can now be handled by code and smart contracts, with the user still being in control, but with these tedious tasks being delegated to a smart contract wallet or Smart Account, pay masters, and bundlers. For more details, you can refer to this article:
https://metamask.io/news/latest/account-abstraction-past-present-future/
It could be said that the goal of Account Abstraction is to make Web3 more similar to Web2 in terms of user experience while leveraging the benefits of blockchain technology in a trustless and seamless manner, thereby facilitating mass adoption.
However, there is still room for improvement. Privacy is a crucial aspect that Web3 currently lacks. If the ultimate objective is to achieve a Web2-like experience while maintaining decentralization and a user-centric approach, Account Abstraction solutions, such as Smart Accounts, could benefit from Privacy solutions (such as TEEs, ZKPs, FHE, MPC) that preserve and process private keys while maintaining their confidentiality. These privacy solutions can also enhance the user experience of dApps or games by safeguarding the confidentiality of certain aspects, such as puzzle solutions or in-game asset details, as well as maintaining privacy for on-chain actions like transfers, mints, bids, and more importantly, protecting user private data.
The combination of Account Abstraction and Privacy solutions can greatly enhance the user experience of dApps, making it as similar to Web2 or traditional gaming as possible, all while leveraging the benefits of blockchain technology without the user necessarily being aware that they are interacting with the blockchain. This article discusses this topic and explores how Account Abstraction can be best utilized to improve user experience and foster mass adoption:
https://mirror.xyz/sylve.eth/A8VnNvBVbc0aXmW2FlG58ysI8oZUnH0HGwwjIsQGHUk
Although there are multiple Privacy solutions available in the Web3 ecosystem that can enhance EIP-4337 Account Abstraction, many of these solutions are limited to specific chains or layer 2 solutions, meaning that only dApps built on those chains can benefit from the combination, one notable example is Briq on the Starknet network. However, there is one solution that enables Privacy capabilities across most EVM-compatible chains and networks, the Oasis Privacy Layer or OPL. The OPL integrates Sapphire, a TEE-based confidential EVM, with Celer's Messaging Bridge and other components. This integration allows other EVM-compatible networks to connect to Sapphire, thereby enabling Privacy capabilities and Confidential Smart Contracts on those networks and their associated dApps. This achievement has been made possible thanks to the capabilities provided by EIP-4337.
To learn more about the potential use cases of Account Abstraction in combination with the Oasis Privacy Layer, you can refer to this resource:
https://oasisprotocol.org/blog/web3-account-abstraction