debug.log is the log written by default when using bitcoin core...
For electrum, you can enable stdout debug logging on the terminal by adding the -v argument.
@OP: depending on your OS, the path to the debug.log can be found on this wiki entry: https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Data_directory
The log does not contain your private key, nor seed... Nobody can rob you just by reading your debug.log, so from a security point of view, it should be safe to post it's content. However, by sharing the log, you might decrease some of your privacy