Well, here are three steps that should help you avoid being in the 'wrong neighborhood'.
First, is to not be involved in anyway in the types of things Schumer was talking about. Another is to not be involved with those whom you suspect may be involved in anyway with those types of things.
Second, keep current and accurate records of the transactions you engage in. In most cases, assuming you are a US person you should already be doing this to some extent for tax purposes. Often the receipts are emailed to you like with Bees Brothers.
Third, let those you interact with know that you do not engage in the types of things Schumer was talking about and keep accurate records so you can be compliant with taxes.
The small remaining risk of 'being falsely identified' is something you have little control over. This can largely be accomplished by severing the audit trail (to outsiders but not to your own records) when possible and often which is good privacy hygiene anyways to protect yourself from identity theft.
It would be similar to taking $400 out of the ATM, spending them at Best Buy on some computer parts, the cash being stolen and then found at a drug bust. This is just the nature of identity theft, suspicion, etc.
In that case, you would show you withdrew $400 from an ATM (a fact they assert), that you spent it at Best Buy (provide the receipt) and the story is collaborated with a police report filed by Best Buy for the cash theft, etc. Of course, there is a big difference with 'beyond a reasonable doubt' between $400 and $40,000 with conforming serial numbers from the same account via ATM withdrawals. So likewise if 1 or 2 BTC leads to you is a lot different from 1-2 thousand BTC.