Difficult discussion to follow without a clear understanding of what business yall are in. Are you investing, turning capital into cash flow, or making an arbitrage play?
Say I have $20K sitting in the bank doing nothing. I want to buy a house a year from now and would like to make as big a down payment as possible. Here are my options:
1. Buy $20K in bonds for $19,400.
I'll make $600, which is cool, but I lost $1800 in purchasing power due to inflation. Which is not cool.
2. Buy gold.
I lose money in transaction fees and storage costs, but gold will tend to hold its real value over time. Note, I don't really care what the exchange rate will be for gold a year from now. If the price of gold doubles due to inflation, then I can expect the price of the house to double as well.
3. Buy a hot dog stand and work my fanny off.
I figure I can make about $21K gross, $14K net, and can sell the stand a year from now for $10K. I come out $4K ahead nominally, and a bit more than $2K net of inflation (until the IRS catches up with me).
But I don't want a hot dog stand, I want an XMR mine. And why not? The numbers are the same, and I get to stay indoors and play xbox all day.
Here's why. My problem is, I can buy USD at a discount from a bond broker, and I can buy hot dogs at a discount from a distributor, but I can't get XMR at a discount. So in other words, currency doesn't have a coupon. (Neither does gold.)
I can add value to the hotdogs by cooking them. You can't add value to XMR. Theoretically you could go down to Publix and pay retail for hot dogs; they aren't worth as much raw as cooked. You can't pay retail for XMR and expect to make money. (Note: the definition of "exchange rate" is "retail price.")
The similarity between the hot dog stand and the cryptocurrency mine is you're hoping to make money by moving things in time and space. You can move hotdogs in space, from a distributer to a convenient sidewalk location. You move XMR in time, from now, when it's illiquid, to the future, where we expect it to be quite a bit more liquid. People will pay for convenience, or liquidity.
"Arbitrage" refers to making money by moving things in time or space. Speculating in currencies is neither investing, nor is it working. It's making arbitrage plays.
You could say that by mining you are adding value, by digging that gold out of the ground, or by hashing transactions. Fair enough. But it doesn't follow that it's always a simple matter of dollars in minus dollars out.
For a US citizen, mining, as it turns out, is a nifty sort of arbitrage "double play" on the Yuan. Chinese want USD, and they are willing to give us computer equipment at a substantial discount to get their hands on some. Interesting thing is, I think in a couple of years they are going to want to get their hands on XMR, to get around capital controls. If I buy the mine at a discount, and sell the XMR at a premium, I make money coming and going. Well, maybe. Point being, that arbitrage is typically only a small part of turning capital into cash flow; adding value is the name of the game. It's a huge part of currency trading.
I don't mean to harp on XMR. I am long XMR, but the same arguments apply to any cryptocurrency. You gotta buy low AND sell high AND figure out where the arbitrage opportunities are, without getting confused by exchange rates and nominal prices. The question is always --
1. When to acquire coin. What does the supply (emission) curve look like in light of present demand?
2. How to acquire coin. Mine or buy? If you buy, with what? USD? JPY? ZWR? (Don't say "ZEC" cuz I'll ask how you acquired the ZEC, and at what cost in terms of transaction fees and exchange rate risk)
2. What is your exit strategy. Who is gonna buy it from you, why, and when? What does the supply (emission) curve look like in the future, in light of developing demand?
Right now, XMR is inflationary. Meaning, the supply is increasing rapidly. That will tend to keep its value low.
The traditional way of looking at things is, you don't want to be long an inflationary currency. You're better off borrowing. In an inflationary environment, you borrow money to buy a house, with the idea being, your payments go down over time in real terms. (How much stuff can you buy with $1200 today? What about 20 years from now?)
Cryptocurrency is different. We know it won't be inflationary forever; in fact we have a pretty good idea of when the inflection is going to happen. We know that demand for cryptocurrency tends to be low at first; it's illiquid, nobody knows about it, it has to "catch on" before it's worth anything. But as we've seen with BTC, the demand is out there, and we even have a road map to see it coming.
We know that it's easier and less expensive to mine when it's in its inflationary phase.
And we know that inflation isn't always bad. The gold example shows classic economic thinking; that inflation is a global process that has no effect on real prices. But that's not true. Inflation can be sector-specific; we've seen sector-specific inflation in securities, housing, and health care costs recently. And we've discovered that there's a "first-in" advantage; it takes time for new money to percolate through the economy. If you can get your hands on it before everybody else does, you can buy stuff with it. If you're the last to get your hands on it, you can't buy squat with it, because by then nominal prices have gone up to reflect the increased number of dollars (or XMR, or ZEC) chasing around a given number of goods and services.
First-in effect is a good argument for mining ZEC. You don't really care why it's inflationary, all you know is, it'll be a long time, maybe forever before it's in general circulation. It was also a good argument for moving to California in 1848. Gold was inflationary but all it took was a pick-axe and a donkey and you could be first-in.
I definitely think the answer to the "when" question is, during the inflationary phase. But my theory on XMR is that it's not really like mining gold, and you don't really need to bank on the first-in effect. To me, mining XMR is like mining lithium. Whether it's a good idea to go through the trouble depends on whether you think Tesla is going to take off. If you think half the cars on the road are going to be dragging around fifty pounds of lithium in a couple of years, you don't really give a rats ass what they are charging you for electricity. Your job is to fill that warehouse ASAP, and you kind of want to keep the market price low while you're filling it to discourage other miners, keep a lid on supply until you're ready to sell.
The interesting thing is, an efficient market will take that expectation into account. In a commodity market, where there is no expectation of future profit, there is little threat from new entrants. If there is an expectation of great profits at some point in the future, competition can afford to drive short-term cash flow well into negative territory. Profit expectation varies with time, certainty, and magnitude. The more certain the outcome, the greater the future cash flow, and the sooner it starts coming in, the more of a short-term loss well-capitalized entrants can tolerate.
This is what I find remarkable about XMR. If you're mining say PASC, you probably don't care about future demand, you're probably flipping it as soon as you mine it. If you're mining and holding XMR, theoretically you should be willing to take a loss now to acquire it. The fact you can right now today get permission from your wife to mine and hold says some or all of these things are true:
1. Barrier to entry is high. People would get in if they could, but they can't. And I think it is. It only seems like everybody and their grandma is mining right now. It ain't that hard to load claymore on your game computer, but not every dope can set up and run 20 or 40 or 100 gpu clusters. There are people doing research in GPU computing who are trying to figure that stuff out right now. It's not just a matter of learning facts already in evidence, or buying someone who knows them. It's a matter of being way out on the bleeding edge of parallel computing. (For now, anyway.)
2. Uncertainty levels are high. And they are, but it's at least possible you guys understand stuff your average MBA doesn't have access to, right? It's not just the ease with which you can slap together a rack of computers and make em work. It's also the ability to see who the winners are, either because the math side of your brain can see where one currency will fail and another will succeed, or because you have enough "street smarts" or cross-competencies to see the leading indicators.
3. Demand is rising faster than supply. I have a decent background in economics, and a fair amount of "street smarts." Don't know squat about computers or cryptography. But just looking at this thing strictly from a technical viewpoint, that's the one relevant fact in this entire discussion. It's not that some people seem to want cryptocurrency. It's that there's a humungous demand out there that's being partially eclipsed by inflation. Go back and look at the emission/price relationship for BTC and you'll see what I'm talking about. This demand exists in spite of entry barriers and uncertainty, both of which affect customers just like they affect miners. I find that remarkable.
I think I'm wrong about the lithium thing. We are in the gold rush, brothers.
I agree with OP. We are living in remarkable times.
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(ETA: while I was writing this, NerdRalph posted a fantastic example of arbitrage. Whether he made money or not depends on whether he held or dumped his BTC. I would simply assert that it was good that he was just barely keeping his head above water while he was mining, because of *when* he was mining. It's OK to break even or lose money if you're getting BTC at a discount because nobody knows what it is, or how to use it. If you can sell it when the debit cards come out, and everybody wants some, you bought low and sold high. Mining BTC right now is an example of the "greater fool hypothesis," where you buy high and figure some dope will pay an even higher price shortly. Ralph did it right on so many levels. That's where XMR is right now. Only question in my mind is, what I'm gonna do next year, if anything. Got my eye on them cannabis coins, they just need a non-tokin clear-headed MBA -- and a mathematician, and a programmer -- to lead them in the right direction. Yo Ralph, I got the MBA, and if my kid ever graduates I'll have a mathematician. If I can scare up a million bucks, are you in?)