As you know by now, there are no "time limits" or timeframes as to when your order is executed. It's not up to poloniex for your order to be partially or fully filled.
Just to clarify, the last price on the exchange isn't necessarily the highest price on the bid end of the orderbook. It could have been someone taking an order from the ask end of the orderbook, and if you just put a sell order in at the last price of an exchange it's not always guaranteed that it's going to be instant.
I agree with squatz1, use a market order if you want the trade to go through instantly, although expect a lower exchange rate for your BTC than if you put a limit sell and waited a little.