They are Buy Walls, let me explain it better:
Es: 50% buy wall
ICO dev want to sell coins at 30 satoshi. The ICO complete successfully and dev raised 50 BTC.
50% buy wall means that 50% of that raised funds is located on a buy wall at the ico price for 4 days.
So, in this example -> buy order of 25 BTC at 30 satoshi.
Higher % -> better for investor, bad for dev
Lower % -> bad for investor, better for dev
I understand the part where you explained about dev selling his coins at 30 Santoshi and later the success got him xyz price for ICO in bitcoin form. But what I don't understand is why he is in loss even though he gotten the highest possible returns because he started at 30 Santoshi per coin and the price will be risen after the launch if it? I mean I'm new in this sort of calculation and I want to learn this to invest properly.
No, Dev is not in loss. But for example he raised 50 btc, then he put 25 BTC has 50% buy wall. Then if many investors sold tokens back to that wall, dev will buy back tokens but he will have less BTC for creating the project.
Without the buy wall he would have 50 BTC