full x16 riser are used to build farms on two types of video cards 470, 480, and 4 GB analogs for mining Ethereum using a lol miner and 3060 so that the Ethereum hash rate does not decrease.
Otherwise, you can use regular x1 raisers. This does not affect the hashrate in any way.
for your video card, be sure to use 6 pin raisers, for example
https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005002082548102.html?
do not use sata raisers
Why are full x16 riser need for 470/480 cards? PCI-E 1x work fine from my experience, is there something that running them in a 16x helps with?
470/480 with 8 GB memory perfectly mine Ethereum with x1 raisers.
If you want to mine Ethereum on 470/480 with 4 GB memory using a lol miner, then you need to use 16x raisers and motherboards with PCI-E 8x or 16x. Most standard motherboards have PCI-E x16 slot speeds:
x16 in single channel, x8 + x8 / x16 + x4 / in dual channel or x16 + x4 + x4 in three-channel.
2 cards can be installed without raisers,and a raiser may be required to install a third card
https://www.asus.com/Motherboards-Components/Motherboards/All-series/TUF-B450-PRO-GAMING/techspec/
Yes, zombie mode increases PCIe traffic between CPU and GPU so more lanes are required.