That's the reason mostly.
Core needs a continuous connection to the hard drive when syncing the chain.
Losing connection can lead to a corruption of your data, which does result in rebuilding your chainstate.
Yes. The files are on your hard drive (except for maybe a few corrupted).
Those are being processed by core now, the missing/corrupted will be downloaded again.
Yes, simply not synced yet. Nothing to worry about.
Not really, you just need a backup of your private keys. Then you are fine.
Your private keys are needed accessing your bitcoins, not any software or file.