As your grow, you can improve performance by horizontal partitions, or using OLAP cubes to pre aggregate. Use a cloud provider and just scale when required. Hosting is cheap, developers are not.
The online retailer i worked for where doing about 4million rows a month in the order items table, without too much pain.
hmm interesting perspective, and i agree the bottle neck will always be the db, though i certainly don't have the experience to be making to many statements in this thread.
for the record, i'm using php compiled with hhvm executed from a shell script. pretty damn fast. takes a second to bitbash the trade table, then about 3 seconds to query all the wallets and check for new deposits.