Disclaimer: this post is for entertainment only, not financial advice, etc.
There is much confusion around taxes and who pays what and when. This might be intentional, but I leave further inquiry on this topic to you.
This post is an attempt to inform you about some taxes you have to pay when you use Bitcoin in any way (getting paid in it, selling it for fiat, etc.), and give some info on action/non-action you can take to maintain or diversify your wealth without incurring more tax liability than necessary. The subject of this post is only slightly misleading, it's not meant to be imperative but rather declarative.
On disambiguation/terms:
- Entity. This means you as an individual person. It can also mean a corporation, a partnership, a trust, etc. Different entities have different tax rules. Nearly anyone can create and destroy entities at the snap of your fingers (and for a few hundred $). I refer to "you" as the "you entity". The "you entity" can only have one shareholder, you. It is created when you are born and is destroyed when you die. Other entities like corporations can have many shareholders, can pay their shareholders dividends, and do other things- like increase expenses to decrease tax liability.
- Disposal. This refers to when an entity owns an asset (has title to property), and then disposes of the property - re-assigns title of the asset (property) to another entity. This is nearly always a taxable event. Bitcoin is an asset/property.
- Loan. This means you give someone temporary use of property/asset. You have NOT disposed of an asset - title is not changing. This is almost NEVER a taxable event. Bitcoin can be loaned and borrowed just as any other asset. You (remember "you" entity) can loan another entity property which is owned by the "you entity" and never ask for it to be returned.
On jurisdiction for private persons and other entities:
The biggest lever you can pull to lower your overall taxes is to physically move to a low or no tax country or state. This is also true for most US passport holders, as you get a pass on the first 100k you earn if you don't live in the US. There is no magical or perfect place, just different trade-offs.
It's expensive and takes much effort for a private person (the "you entity") to physically move, costs little and takes little effort for other entities to move (or be acquired by an entity in another jurisdiction).
On income tax for private persons:
> For individuals ("you entities") who work as employees, income tax is savage and unavoidable. The government takes around 30-60% and there's nothing *you* can do about it except *stop receiving wages* or *earn a lower income from wages*.
On income source for private persons:
> Whether BTC or fiat, if it's flowing to *you* it makes no difference. But dividends (usually a tax of around 15-25%) or capital gains (around 0-20% depending on your country) are usually taxed at far lower rates than income from wages (30-60%). Probably because politicians are old and don't work, and old people who don't work usually get income from dividends.
On entities which legally pay no income tax:
> Corporations, partnerships, etc. simply generate more expenses to offset their income, until the entity's net income is 0.
> Entities (but not "you") can "carry forward" losses. A loss occurs in any year where the entity's net income is negative.
On creating entities:
> Nearly anyone can create a legal entity like a corporation in minutes and for a few hundred $ or so. Lawyers are not required. You do not need to have your name on any of the paperwork, you can use a nominee director for example (e.g. in the US). Different jurisdictions offer different trade-offs (i.e. less privacy and higher incorporation costs, but lower corporate income tax rates).
> New entities can use Bitcoin as a unit of account, and simply re-state their earnings in whatever fiat currency come tax time.
> New entities can borrow Bitcoin to get started.
Imagine:
> You (the "you" entity) bought 1 BTC at USD 10'000, and today that 1 BTC is worth 50'000. This means your COST BASIS is 10'000. If you relinquish title to your property (BTC) for 50'000, by selling for USD on Binance, you would have 40'000 of income that you would owe tax on, personally.
> You create a new entity, a corporation. If you lend 1 BTC to your new entity, the entity now has a 1 BTC with a cost basis of 50'000 USD (the value of the property it borrowed at the current market price). Now imagine the price of BTC goes to 51'000. If the company sells that 1 BTC it borrowed from you for 51'000 USD, the company has a gain (income) of 1'000. The company now owes the corporate tax rate (say 15%) on 1'000.
A few other items:
Bitcoin is property, just like securities (stocks/bonds), a car, or a barrel of oil. There is *title* to UTXOs, even though you might not be aware of it. You can loan your Bitcoin to a new entity and this is NOT a taxable event. You or any other entity can borrow Bitcoin and this is NOT a taxable event. You can use your UTXOs as collateral...many, many times, in many loans. Legally.
An entity will have a different cost basis for property it borrows, than the entity which originally purchased the property. Remember that banks own the politicians and politicians write the laws, and banks live off of borrowing and lending. So laws regarding those activities are always likely to be favorable.
Corporations can take losses and carry these losses forward indefinitely (or at least for many, many years). You can keep track of annual losses and include them in your calculations for the upcoming year.
There are no limits to how many entities you may create and destroy.
You will have to do some bookkeeping (buy a book on how to do this) or hire an accountant. You need to document the loans, keep books to record assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, maybe pay for notary services, etc.
My 2 sats:
Even if you think you only have a small amount of BTC, your BTC will appreciate in time and you will want to be prepared. Don't be one of these small children that gets excited when the price increases and then they "cash out" to buy an expensive car. That is poverty thinking - you pay 100k purchase price for the car + 40k for taxes, plus ongoing expenses of probably 20k per year. Your wealth has now *decreased*. You could have used this money to buy dividend paying stock that generate 20k per year in dividends in perpetuity instead. Liquidating assets to pay for expenses is a poverty/bankruptcy mindset, and only lines the pockets of the politicians who collect the capital gains tax, sales tax, gasoline tax, and all the other taxes that you just paid.
Instead, use your BTC to create new entities which in turn purchase and hold land, commodities, shares of other companies, operations like mining btc, etc.
In any case, I suggest you read the tax laws for yourself. Don't rely on hearsay or "priests" to tell you what is required and what is not when it comes to taxes. People often behave is if they are illiterate regarding tax law, perhaps due to the fear perpetuated by the tax industry, shills, etc. Take the time to read the text of the laws for yourself and you may find that you can keep more of your wealth than you originally thought as you grow your portfolio.