by vintagetrex aka Donal Lumsden
//*This algorithm for P2P proof of knowledge is arranged as a race. It works between a main blockchain building network and a side chain network. The challenge is generated and published by the "prover" node and answered by the "verifier" nodes. There are two rewards used: the first is crypto currency for a successful "prover" role and the second is a counter for a "verifier" who wins the proof of knowledge competition. Counters reset after a time period (tr). Rewards and counters can be replaced with two distinct currencies. A negative consequence for an incorrect response to the POK challenge should be used to prevent guessing. A certain amount of counters is required for a verifier to become eligible for the "prover draft." Provers are drafted from the eligible nodes through a pseudorandom number generated by the blockchain, such as the numbers generated by primecoin. The case discussesd has 1 prover and 2 verifiers in competition. *//
//prover and verifier roles are delegated by the blockchain
1) Random number R0 is generated by the blockchain and N0 is drafted as the prover with verifiers N1 and N2
//prover generates the proof of knowledge competition in steps 2 to 6
2) Prover generates random numbers R1 and R2 which will be used as salt (random number padding)
3) Prover generates 2 one-time-pads X1 and X2 which will be used to change hashes at a rate of 50%
4) Prover hashes concatenated N1, X1, R1, N2, X2, and R2
Hash ( N1 + X1 + R1 + N2 + X2 + R2) = D
5) Prover uploads D to the blockchain
6) Prover creates challenges C1 and C2 by XORing the hash of R concatenated with F
X1( Hash(R1 + F) ) = C1
X2( Hash(R2 + F) ) = C2
//C1 = Hash(R1 + F) 50% of the time
//C2 = Hash(R2 + F) 50% of the time
7) Prover encrypts C1 concatenated with R1 and C2 concatenated with R2 with the public keys of N1 and N2, PK1 and PK2 respectively to make M1 and M2. Signing keys are SK1 and SK2
PK1 ( C1 + R1 ) = M1
PK2 ( C2 + R2 ) = M2
Prover uploads M1 and M2 to the blockchain
9) Verifier performs POK by checking if the challenge is the hash of R1 concatenated with F or not (true or false)
SK1( M1 ) == C1 + R1
if ( C1 == Hash(R1 + F) ) {upload true;}
else {upload false}
11) Prover uploads N1, X1, R1, N2, X2, and R2 concatenated or (N1+X1+R1+N2+X2+R2)
//anyone can verify this as the solutions to the POK using the previously uploaded Hash in step 5, in essence the prover is posting the solutions to the POK challenges
12) Protest period; a node can upload its private key if the prover role wasn't performed correctly and anyone may check if messages and challenges (M, C) were made correctly
Reward for prover = inflation of currency;
Reward for verifier who answers first = counter++;
counters required for prover draft eligibility >= some number;
time period for counters to reset = tr;
time span between upload of messages (M) and upload of solution (N1+X1+R1+N2+X2+R2) <= tchallenge; //very small to prevent cheaters
cheater = running a node without unique storage of F for that node
//cheaters are combatted by making a time dependent competition or race
//assumption: cheaters have to take extra steps so they will never be as fast and will lose to non cheaters
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----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=kpCL
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
