Good stuff, glad you got it fixed!
What you need to do now is go through the process of backing up your 2FA codes, so you do not lose access to your Coinbase account or any other accounts you are using 2FA with should your phone get lost, damaged, stolen, or in one user's case that I saw, his phone auto-updated and wiped his 2FA app. There are some 2FA apps such as Aegis which allow you to export your database, but unfortunately Google Authenticator does not allow you to do this.
What you should be able to do is to choose to duplicate your 2FA on a second device (such as an old phone or tablet which never leaves your house). Even better, during the 2FA set up it should show you a long string of characters along with the QR code which you scanned with your 2FA - simply write down and keep safe this string of characters, and you can use them to recover your 2FA should you lose access to your phone.
Wait, I just figured something out...your advice on how to find the 'string of characters' only works DURING the 2FA setup. I already re-setup my 2FA by the time I read your post. Now when I boot up my 2FA app I have two sets of codes: 1. For my email attached to my coinbase account, and 2. for my coinbase account. Is there still a way to find that string of characters so I can write it down or something? If so, how do I do that?
Worse case scenario I can start the 3 day process of resetting my 2FA all over again just to be able to write down the string of characters (I'd have to write it down because I don't have another device that's capable of using a 2FA app).