I would never try to run a nvidia 3090 or a nvidia 3080 on a riser using a sata connection. Those cards can pull over 300 watts between the riser and the pcie connections.
However If I was pushed I would try to run an amd 5500xt as those card pull 55watts and if they go runaway they go up to 95 watts between the riser and the pcie connection.
I also count the power connections to estimate how much power to expect from the riser.
The supply is 75W for the slot/riser, 75W for a 6 pin connection an 150W for 8 pin.
Assuming even distribution I can calculate how much of the load comes from the riser
vs the 6 or 8 pin connections.
Example:
1080ti: 250W rating with 6 + 8 pin connectors.
Total supply is 75+ 75+150 = 300W.
250/300 = 62 / 75
1070: 150W rating with 8 + 8 pin connectors.
Total supply is 75+150+150 = 375W.
150/375 = 30 / 75
The 1070 can be expected to draw around 30W from the riser while the 1080ti around 62W.
Of course ASSUMING even distribution.