Topic: >>>RAT4 brings new chain Blacknet(BLN) to create the next generation POS Coin (Read 129 times)

The Riot chat room (https://riot.im/app/#/room/#blacknet:matrix.org)
has a black network node asking rat4 about the difference between
Blacknet and ETH in Turing. Chat history is as follows


Rat4 mentions that Ethereum is a Turing machine, and Blacknet is similar to Lambda calculus. Both are Turing complete.
What is Turing complete? Turing machine, what is the Lambda calculus?


In the computability theory, if a series of rules for manipulating data(such as instruction sets, programming languages, cellular automata) can calculate the results in a certain order, it is called turing complete. A device with a Turing complete instruction set is defined as a general purpose computer. If Turing is complete, it (computer equipment) has the ability to perform conditional jumps (if, while, goto statements) and to change memory data. If something shows Turing complete, it has the ability to emulate the original computer, and even the simplest computer can simulate the most complex computer.

Yes, you are right ------ computer.
The author believes that Turing is a must for all future public chains
(except Bitcoin, not Turing complete)


Rat4 speaks Chinese is also excellent . He used a similar modern computer to explain the complete state of BLN Turing. It can be said that it is very incisive and direct. As for the use of computers, please ask the officials to fill their own brains and do not expand. Turing machine, also known as Turing calculation, Turing computer, is an abstract computing model proposed by mathematician Alan Messon Turing (1912 ~ 1954), which will be the process of using paper and pen for mathematical operations. Abstraction, a virtual  machine replaces people for mathematical operations. It has an infinitely long strip of paper that is divided into small squares, each with a different color. There is a machine head that moves around the tape. The machine head has a set of internal states and some fixed programs. At each moment, the machine head reads a square information from the current tape, and then uses its internal state to find the program table, output the information according to the program to the paper square, and convert its internal state, then
Move.
What problem can the Turing machine solve?
Assuming that the functions described in the above model can be physically implemented in some form, then any arbitrable problem can be solved.

Some examples of calculation problems:
Given a positive integer n, determine if it is a prime number
Given a sequence of 01, reverse them by bit
Given a string, determine if a character exists, and find the location
Given a proposition of a logical implication, ask for its inverse no proposition
Examples of non-computing problems:
What to eat tonight
Why does the sun rise from the east?
Take the Ethereum Turing machine, the core of the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), EVM can execute the code of any algorithm complexity. In the terminology of computer science, Ethereum is Turing-complete. Developers can create applications that run on EVM using a programming language similar to JavaScript and Python (Solidity). The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) uses a 256-bit machine code and is a stack-based virtual machine for executing Ethereum smart contracts.


Lambda calculus (λ-calculus) is a set of rules developed from mathematical logic that binds and replaces variables to study how functions abstract abstractions, how functions are applied, and recursive formal systems. It was first published by mathematician Alonzo Church in the 1930s. Lambda calculus, as a widely used computational model, clearly defines what a computable function can be, and any computable function can be expressed and
evaluated in this form, which simulates the computational process of a single tape Turing machine; Thus, lambda calculus emphasizes the use of transformation rules rather than the concrete machines that implement them.

The lambda calculus is comparable to the most fundamental programming language. It includes a transformation rule (variable substitution) and a way to abstract the function abstraction. It is therefore generally accepted as a way to get closer to software than hardware. The lambda calculus is Turing complete, that is, it is a generic model that can be used to simulate any Turing machine.

From the expression of rat4, Blacknet uses a similar Lambda calculus to achieve the Turing completion of BLN. Here I have to mention why BLN does not use a virtual machine like Ethereum, but uses a similar Lambda calculus to achieve Turing complete.

Lambda's strength lies in building complex projects that require multi-person collaboration.

The computer industry is clearly a project that requires multi-person collaboration, so Lambda calculus was chosen as the underlying
interpreter.

Lambda converts external iterations into internal iterations to make it more efficient, making coding more elegant by using functions as arguments.
With the failure of Moore's Law, multi-core processors are being deployed in PCs and professional servers. In order to make programs run more  efficiently, developers need to be able to distribute tasks to multiple cores for execution, while the Java Collection Framework defaults to external iterations. The way to bind the program to a single core runs, greatly reducing the speed of the operation.

In addition, sometimes in order to achieve a certain purpose, we need to repeat a lot of boilerplate code, which will invade the business logic and reduce readability. The code can be more elegant and concise without overusing the lambda.

Xiaobian personally believes that how to achieve Turing completeness also has a significant impact on the scalability of the future public chain. For the specific method of how Blacknet implements Turing complete, rat4 does not have too much explanation, and we still have to study and discover. The above is for reference only (not necessarily completely accurate).

"Blacknet is easy to extend over time without having to rely on a guarding foundation. No foundation is required to veto what the blockchain can do because there is NO script stored on the blockchain. Blockchain logic is stored inside the clients. The blockchain uses accounts And operate  ermissionless without  master nodes. the blockchain can be extended by defininf new logic inside the clients how to handle new transaction types. Well understood transactiontypes are implemented in the client."-----Xranby(one of the black network development)

This passage also proves from the side that using Lambda calculus as the underlying interpreter is better than virtual machine logic (ETH) for scalabilit

Heavy || Top Anonymous Development God RAT4 brings new chain Blacknet regression to create the next generation open source low-level blockchain operating system

  Recently, the new cryptocurrency VSYS developed by the father of POS, SunnyKing, is in the limelight, and has a tendency to enter the industry's first echelon. The author also took a chance to study it carefully and found that VSYS is the code of Fork's Waves project, which was modified on the basis of it. of. It is regrettable that after creating the dot and prime currency, Sun King's new public chain VSYS is not a brand new code from scratch. Of course, the bottom of the quality project has always been a fine tradition of the currency circle, and many of them have achieved great success, but It is quite surprising to see the status of the Sun King’s rivers and lakes as a new chain.

  At the same time, another anonymous development god RAT4 also began another attempt in the blockchain industry. After successfully making black coins, POS3.0 and being cited by hundreds of blockchain projects, RAT4 conducted A lot of time for the underlying blockchain technology; and in July 2018, a Blacknet IBO thread was superimposed on the original Blackcoin theme (an altcoin theme that was widely discussed on the Bitcointalk forum, with more than 1,700 pages). By burning black coins to obtain the new chain's original value exchange medium black net currency, after a relatively conservative stage of development and version update, the current stage of the main network has stabilized, due to less publicity in the early stage, it is still in most People flying under the radar, this article focuses on the reasons why the black network is worthy of attention by the investors in the currency circle.

Founder RAT4 - the hidden king
  RAT4, Russian-anonymous developer, author of Blacknet and Blackcoin, the community called it a mouse, has proved its strength in the industry, the POS field is a master. Has provided code for many top-level projects, including BTC, DASH, ZCASH and other well-known projects; other projects such as Stratis, Qtum, Radium, bitcoin god, V coins, XWC, etc. have used the research results of mouse POS3.0, The RAT4 is Nakamoto, which is a rumor. According to the author's view, RAT4 is more likely to be associated with another anonymous top developer, BCnext, the creator of the NXT system. The two are very similar in project development and iteration, similar in character (more arrogant), coincident peaks (and BCnext created NXT at the beginning to declare the ID is a pseudonym, claiming that the real ID is a household name in the entire Bitcointalk forum), and both works With obvious interoperability, NXT is directly updated and adopts POS3.0. Blacknet uses a similar design of the Ardor project of NXT's descendants. Even if the author's guess in this regard is wrong, the RAT4 developer also has real open source software. Spiritually, quietly bringing continuous progress and innovation to the entire industry.

Advanced design - the next generation of POS3.0 public chain with a view to the future


  What is blacknet? Is there anything worthy or attractive? The most significant difference is that BLN is written in the Kotlin programming language. It should be the only blockchain project written in the language. The pros and cons of the programming language can be viewed.

  http://Https://developer.aliyun.com/ask/110880?spm=a2c6h.13159736 Alibaba Cloud developer's comments can confirm that Google is pushing the Kotlin language to replace the original Java development, and strive to become Android development. Swift.

  The Blacknet codebase is original and is placed in the open source codebase https://gitlab.com/blacknet-ninja, written from scratch, and the main features currently announced from the development path include:

  Account-based POS 3.0 consensus: Blacknet uses the POS 3.0 consensus, POS 3.0 modifies the double-flowering problem caused by the high weight impact of the POS currency age in the earlier version, solves many potential security issues, and blocks The problem of network abuse, while improving many details to improve security and liquidity; while the characteristics of the POS algorithm make it enough to run on a smart device or a small device such as the Raspberry Pi; in addition, this algorithm also Save a lot of valuable energy; (current version has been implemented)
The core architecture of the parent-child chain: greatly improves scalability and allows multiple sub-chains to handle multiple transactions at the same time, and maintains the overall security of the network by the main chain. Although there is no public testing, it is considered in the community discussion to ensure this form. Transaction throughput will be much faster than any other public chain under the premise of network security;
Enhanced privacy protection: equipped with TOR and I2P networks and zero-knowledge proof, full privacy protection for both external end-to-end and internal network data transmission;

  Off-line mining (lease mining): Allows users to rent forge to another account for a fixed period of time without having to send coins anywhere. This allows the creation of a safe forged pool, separates the ownership of the currency from the mining rights, and achieves the decentralization of the pool, the mine pool cannot run the currency or the risk of theft; (current version has been implemented)
Decentralized ID system (alias system): features decentralization, self-management, privacy protection, security and ease of use; at the same time changing user experience and reducing barriers for new users to use blockchain; (current version has been implemented)
Other important features: encrypted messages (current version has been implemented), asset issuance, atomic swap, voting, DEX, no authorization extension;
  There are more features, some of which have not yet been announced; it is worth mentioning that the project was designed with functional modularity and wallet scalability in mind, friendly to developers, and encourages a new and simple way to build new core clients. Function without looking bloated.

  Maverick - fleeing the Altcoin trap from the release
  Why do I think Blacknet is not an Altcoin trap? Analyze the sinking cost and opportunity cost of the currency circle, and explore the concept behind BLN from the perspective of distribution.

In the investment of the currency circle, the total amount of money we buy is our sunk cost, and in this respect, the project (1CO), or 1EO, which is generally open for sale on a token basis, will always set up a project party or fund. Yes, there are always development or progress commitments. There are always a variety of reasons for the reservation of tokens. The sunk costs they pay are always infinitely close to zero. From the perspective of buying and earning money, these are in a feverish In an irrational market environment, it is feasible, and the always-successful takeover has taken over the high-valued chips and expects to sell it to others at a higher price. Then the market begins to return to rationality, and the ordinary people originally paid for it. The sunk cost will immediately turn into an opportunity for most of the project parties, that is, the opportunity to sell the reserved tokens for the ultimate benefit, only a very small number of project parties willing to give up the opportunity, while the sunk cost usually interferes with the public investors. The inner heart makes it impossible to make effective decisions based on the real development of the concern.

From the above situation, the black network does not have any sunken cost of 0 from the beginning of the issue. First, a brief overview of the black network parameters and distribution:

Block time: The average online time of the main online line in December 18 is 33 seconds per block.

Block size: Dynamic 1M, currently can achieve 1 block / 5000 transactions

Coin size: 1 billion in circulation, totaling 1 billion

Inflation mode: pure POS, 1% inflation

Blacknet burning began on September 7, 18, and ended on December 14, 18, distributing black nets by burning black coins. A total of 14.6 million black coins were burned and distributed to 300 burning address accounts. Without the existence of the project party, 1CO and foundation form, the author Rat4 also obtained 16 million black nets by burning black coins. Here, the author must emphasize again that there is no individual or group with initial sunk cost of 0 in the Blacknet network. The sunk costs of most early-participating members should be similar (the early participants of black coins will be relatively cheaper), and this part of the value precipitation will inevitably be accompanied by a growing network topology and community, and the bottom will rise. The impact of marginal cost in group cognition and expansion.

The connotation of freedom - the continuous incentives brought about by the release of JPL

  In addition to some of the above features and concepts, Blacknet will publish https://www.jelurida.com/jpl under the only JPL (Jelurida Public License) agreement that was born from the currency circle. The JPL is the first to be used in Ardor and The NXT blockchain, like other free software licenses, allows the public to enjoy: freedom to run and copy software, freedom to distribute software, freedom to obtain software source code, improve software and make improved versions of the software The freedom of distribution, the circulation rule expressed by JPL is called Copyleft, which means "contradictory" with the concept of Copyright.

  Of course, the Copyleft license was created long before the emergence of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology, and it is unpredictable that the value of today's open source distributed blockchain projects is not only included in the code being written, but also included in the only public In the blockchain instance, the cryptocurrency token is maintained by a distributed developer and community holder. The goal of the JPL protocol thus designed is to protect its developers, communities and holders from sharing the common interest under the Copyleft license rules to preserve and increase the value of this blockchain token.

  The BLN code is released under the Jelurida Public License (JPL). Any project that quotes the BLN code must drop 10% of the token to the BLN holder. Users with the black currency will have the opportunity to get airdrops for multiple projects. If you are a project party, you can copy a public chain without spending money. The 10% coin of the airdrop will also bring the basic user group to the new project, saving development and marketing expenses. The author is more inclined to recognize this distribution form. As a blockchain Linux, it also demonstrates the strength and confidence of Rat4. It can make Blacknet an open source low-level blockchain operating system for later developers to copy and improve. Otherwise, there is no need to publish in this form.