The thing is if I get a new receiving address on my nano ledger and btc is sent to me... that address is still linked to my nano ledger correct? Since the amount of btc is added to my total btc balance? What about electrum? Now if you use another nano ledger or use the same nano ledger and create a new seed... or use electrum but create a new seed with no wallet history...that certainly would make a difference since it has no transaction history right?
This is a very long subject and your privacy with Bitcoin depends on SO many things I would need a darn book to tell you about it. At the end of the day, it all depends on one thing: your level of paranoia. The more paranoid you are, the more you have to do to avoid having your identity, balances, addresses, IP or whatever else exposed.
Typically, since not many care about running full nodes and using Tor to avoid ISP's sneaking up on their stuff, addresses get linked together or to a specific wallet. By reusing addresses and not using Coin Control, it becomes easy to make links. But it will not be known yet whether this wallet is an Electrum, a Ledger, a Trezor, a Bitcoin Core or whatever.
Now things change and get less private when you introduce Electrum, Ledger Live, Blockchain Wallet and any custodial wallets or a web wallet in the middle of all of this. Electrum runs through servers, so long story short, load a seed into Electrum and one server will know which addresses belong to it since the balance requests come from a single IP. Ledger Live is even worse. You have Coin Control and new receiving addresses, but Ledger's servers will now know that you use a Ledger and link addresses, balances et cetera so by now your privacy is gone. That is, unless you trust Ledger's servers.
Creating a new one-time use seed for privacy reasons is one thing I used to do, but having so many seeds becomes a headache at one point and to me it only makes sense if Electrum is running through Tor (I used to run it through Tails) on a Linux since Windows is known for spyware and this kind of crap, the coins I am moving through the one time Electrum seed have been anonymized by use of mixers, Lightning Network et cetera and the final destination will not be Ledger Live, Electrum or other non private wallets again. Because if you move coins from an address linked to you to an unknown one only to move them back to an address linked to you, it is ultimately a waste of time. Privacy wise it is as useful as withdrawing $500 cash from an ATM and then depositing them back into your account.
You have to understand it is not about transaction history or how many seeds you generate. I have had seeds specifically generated to have privacy and even if there is a bulky history of transactions in only one of my seeds, none of the addresses are linked together. It is all about your behavior. If you use Coin Control properly, are running your wallet on a Full Node instead of servers and your coins are not coming from non anonymous sources like Bitcointalk campaign earnings, Binance withdrawals, Coinbase purchases et cetera then your privacy is significantly better than average.
But as I said at the beginning of my reply, it depends on the level of your paranoia. To some of us, the satisfying level of privacy is using Ledger Live with Coin Control so the average Block Explorer user does not get to easily link addresses to a wallet. But some of us only feel a satisfying level of privacy by running a Full Node in combination with Coin Control so that balances are verified rather than requested from servers too.
There are more paranoid ones who need to have their coins mixed too, because Chainalysis exists and in combination with information from ISP's and whatever other tools and data they use, history of your coins could be exposed. But then there are even more paranoid ones who need a fully airgapped computer and only broadcast transactions through disposable sessions of Tor. Then we get to extremes, where you have transactions broadcasted through radio, lack of trust in any kind of proprietary hardware or software due to backdoors and so on.
I suggest you start slow by running your own Bitcoin Full Node through Tor, practicing proper Coin Control use and using Tor Browser as deault whenever you have the possibility. Tor, not VPN. VPN's are not anonymous and most of them even sell your history and data. Slowly work your way up to a higher level of privacy from there. Try not to complicate things too much until you learn the basics very well.
Example would be this. Imagine a site or someone send you 20 dollars worth of btc to your spare nano ledger wallet and not your main one. Or it could be a new electrum seed wallet which has no transaction history. Then you send that full amount of 20 dollars worth of btc to someone else.
Does that transaction still link to you or not? The thing is if it's a wallet that has zero transactions, it wouldn't right?
Depends. Say you received this $20 on your spare Ledger as you say. I will not be able to link this transaction to your main Ledger unless the transaction comes FROM your main Ledger. But if you used Ledger Live for all of this, then Ledger's servers know these addresses belong to you. If you run a Full Node through Tor instead and the transaction is received in your empty spare Ledger, then neither me or Ledger's servers will be able to make links. That is, unless the Secure Element does something malicious .. get it? Depends on level of paranoia and who you do or do not trust. The less trust there is, the more effort is needed and the higher your paranoia gets.
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Regards,
PrivacyG