I prefer to hold individual companies but I understand not everyone can or wants to do this so index is perfect for them. Don't try to time the market. You will fail.
Right. You will probably be dead before you see returns.
It's not about timing the market. It's about buying when the investment is fundamentally cheap. For the stock market this means that the overall price-earnings-ratio is well below 10.
Also we are not talking about only one market (i.e. the stock market) / only one type off investment. We are talking about picking the best investment overall. There are always areas which are relatively undervalued compared to others. To minimize risks, buy only in areas which are relatively cheap.
When the price to ratio is low it means you have some risks priced in, the expected profits may be overestimated, were you here in 2000 or 2008?