I having a little trouble here to undestand what new UTXO where created when the 0.51 BTC where sent to me. The whole 0.51BTC should be an UXTO for me, right?
If the entire 0.51 BTC was sent to you as a single output, then
yes the whole 0.51 BTC will be a single unspent output. If you wanted to then create a transaction that was funded only by that 0.51 BTC output, then your input list would just be a list of the 1 output.
Or do you mean that the fees have to be substracted, but that would have the sender to pay right?
Right, if a transaction fee is paid, then it is the sender of the transaction that determines what that fee is. Their transaction creating software does this by making sure that the sum of their transaction outputs is less than the sum of their transaction inputs. The difference is the fee.
Could you just say me how large the aforementioned tx with the 1000 Outputs (bytes) would be? Minimum tx size is 140 byte i read somewhere. How large would that one be? Just dumb it down/make a rough guess, doesn't have to be perfect at all, just give me a "housenumber" as we say in germany! That would improve my understanding a lot of this.
Assuming that compressed keys and version 1 addresses were used when creating the outputs:
Each output listed as an input requires between 147 and 149 bytes
Each new output created requires another 34 bytes
There is 10 bytes of overhead required by every transaction
So, if you create a transaction that has 1000 inputs, and 2 outputs, the smallest your transaction can be is:
(147 * 1000) + (2 * 34) + 10 = 147044 bytes
The largest your transaction might be is:
(149 * 1000) + (2 * 34) + 10 = 149044 bytes
On a more economically level that would mean that 1BTC i receive can have a "different value" depending on how "clean" and small i get this.
Correct. Generally the difference is in value is small enough that it doesn't much matter, but if you are trying to create transactions to send very small amounts of value, this can become a problem for you.
1BTC in a "whole" has much more worth than if i get it in 1000 txs, because the fees i would need to pay to spend this BTC would be much higher if it had 1000 Outputs. Right?
Correct.
If you were going to pay a typical 0.00001 BTC fee per kilobyte, then using 1 BTC that was received in 1000 transaction outputs would cost you at least 0.00149 BTC, while it would only cost you 0.00001 BTC if it was received in a single output.
Many more questions in my mind, but if someone could answer that, that would be great and i would take it then from there...
No problem. Glad to help.