Not really encryption.
For example, the sha256 output of your post is:
That is absolutely no way to "decrypt" it back to your post, because it is not an encrypted version of your post at all.
What would be the word for it, if it is not encryption?
It is hashing, or you can also call it one-way encryption. It's frequently used in password databases.
When you input a password, it is hashed with a hashing function, and the correct password isn't stored on the database: its hash is. Then it compares if the hashes are the same, if they are, you login, if they aren't you get a login error.
I see, that's a good noob-friendly way to explain it.
Thanks for your answer!