I find the transaction on the blockchain, but it shows a different address and if I search for my public key, it is not found.
Link to the transaction: https://chainz.cryptoid.info/sys/tx.dws?6497e54199b0a3cc1de7525afda73b07593530be869fe4f1be64257174147e4a.htm
My Public Key is: SNUSUPuH73KdqHAN6eYvCcLaBdjuPQT9n5
Did I do it wrong or is it ok? How can I check that I have access to the coins - Do I need to import my private key into the Desktop Wallet for this?
A user on reddit helped me with the issue: The Paper Wallet generator on https://walletgenerator.net/?currency=Syscoin is creating wallets in the old Syscoin format. Luckily the coins are not lost, because for each address in old format there is a corresponding new address (accessible with the same private key), and this is where why my coins were transfered to.
Here's the reddit thread: https://www.reddit.com/r/SysCoin/comments/70p5x0/transfer_from_exchange_to_paper_wallet/
I've also managed to adapt the paper wallet generator to support the new Syscoin format. I've created a Pull request for the adapted code on the Github repository for the maintainer of the tool, so that it can be updated.
If anyone wants to use the updated version, it is currently also available for download here: https://github.com/donredhorse/WalletGenerator.net