Taxing on money you haven't actually made is crazy, horrible if your country does that.
It is all just magic swords and such until and unless you ever do finally succeed in getting fiat from it.
I can see avoiding so called "stable coins" because of the possibility they could count as income since they supposedly actually represent fiat even when you have not succeeded in getting real fiat for them, but having waited months in the past for a crypto exchange to get my fiat to me, and being one of the lucky ones that actually got mine before the owner of the exchange pretended to die in some place in India famous as a place to pretend to die, or who knows, maybe he actually did die, and lots of people never got their coins nor fiat... It has always been very clear to me that it is all just game stuff until you do actually manage not only to sell some but also to actually receive the fiat you supposedly sold it for.
Politicians in the past have floated the idea that because someone managed to sell one World of Warcraft magic sword once on e-bay all players who ever find such a sword in the game should be taxed as if it were income; but luckily for me around here that idiotic idea never actually flew.
-MarkM-
Can you give me a legal framework that explains when you have actually "made the money"?
I would say that this is when you convert your digital holdings to fiat holdings.
Not when you convert digital holding A (for example XRP) to digital holding B (for example XRP to USDT or bitcoin).
However this is what my government (Belgium) does.
You hold 50k worth of bitcoin in 2025. Along with 30k worth of XRP and 30k worth of HBAR.
You plan to secure your profits at the end of the bullrun and convert 60k worth of altcoins to USDT.
The government sees this as "realizing profits" and will demand at least 33% of the 60k. So at least $20 000 down the drain. Probably not in 2025 because you have not reported it to the IRS. But later. When you cash out to fiat currency, they will demand full insight in your transaction history. It is up to the bank customer to prove that the digital funds do not come from illicit activity. So if you have used a mixer or a privacy coin like Monero, you will not be allowed to cash out. And if you have not used a mixer and you do cash out, you will be considered a felon (tax fraud) for not reporting profits.
You reinvest your 60k at what you consider the market bottom in 2026. It is a bad year for cypto and you have losses. The government will not reimburse you for losses and you can not discount them from profits in 2025 because it is a different tax year. They want to eat your "profits" alive even when they are not really profits. They don't care about your losses in 2026.
By 2030 your portfolio is worth a million dollars, with just 6 trades each year.
But the IRS will demand 33% on each profitable trade until 2030, and also 33% on your final cashout of a million dollars.
The bottom line for me is that I do not intend to ever convert my digital holdings to fiat currency, because the Belgian IRS will send their licensed thieves to seize everything they can.
My hopes and dreams are that one day I can pay for housing etc, in full anonymity without any bank or government interference.
But I doubt that this can happen.