As far as I'm aware, Andrew Jackson was a strong proponent of decentralised power (small government) and hard money. Lincoln was a nationalist (big government) that created a fiat money (not backed by gold/silver, can be used to pay taxes (legal tender)) called the "green-back" (because the ink used on the reverse side was green).
Citation?
Simple. You earn more money to pay the interest. If the bank that lent the currency into existence simply destroys it when it's repaid then it will be impossible to pay the interest. If, instead, that bank spends the repaid currency on hookers and blow, then those hookers and drug dealers will have the means to pay the interest.
Well yes, you can't truly pay off a loan + interest purely by borrowing more money. This would be like paying off a credit card by using another credit card. At some point, you're going to be so indebted that you can't borrow enough to make the interest payments.
In a word: No. They cannot create new bitcoins, they can only spend the bitcoins they have. Once their bitcoins are gone, they are as powerless as you and I.