Thanks again for all that detail. Now I remember change addresses from when I first studied Bitcoin months ago. I'd just forgotten about them.
The thing that caused me alarm was that the blockchain.info balance for my wallet address didn't agree with what I thought I had in there. The difference must be accounted for by the change addresses. I've also just read this article which was very useful.
http://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/1c9xr7/psa_using_paper_wallets_understanding_change/
The only thing I'm not sure about now is if all the change addresses share the same private key or not. (I presume they don't so you need to do a separate paper wallet for each). I like to keep a paper wallet but now I realise it's not the end of the story just to keep the public and private keys offline - there's all these change addresses as well.
This paragraph definitely applies to me but I think it's worth posting here for others:
This needs to be changed. Good post.
There is also a reverse example. This huge mistake is made by many people when they have been using a client like bitcoin-qt for a while, and decide to make a paper wallet using only the primary address from bitcoin-qt.
In that case, they believe that they are putting the entire bitcoin-qt wallet balance into a paper wallet. In fact, all they are doing is putting the balance for the PRIMARY bitcoin-qt address into the wallet. All the change addresses hidden to the user in bitcoin-qt will not go into the paper wallet.
Finally, apologies to readers of the thread for the (hopefully) unnecessary alarm in the subject title.