This reminds me of the infamous Cryptsy collapse that I lived through.. An example of what happens when fractional reserve meets crypto..
Cryptsy ran fine for a long time on fractional reserve. Everything was just fine until it wasn't.. What was it? About a year?
The "cold wallet" coins were lost/stolen on
2014-07-29 and things didn't start going to shit until around
September 07, 2015 or about the time I registered here to keep up with the news of what the hell was happening on October 22, 2015 after one of my chat buddies was banned for questioning Cryptsy..
To make a long story short everything was fine until they started running out of Bitcoin for withdrawals but then they said their BTC wallet was "just in maintenance" and that the "hot wallets just needed to be refilled"..
Around the time some great blockchain sleuths (thunderjet) traced these BTC wallets that I just linked but we thought that Cryptsy still had control of them as their cold wallets but the hot wallets just weren't getting refilled for some reason.
The more people got concerned the more people tried to withdrawal and their was basically a bank run. We started noticing that the only time that withdrawals came out was when deposits came in to the hot wallet..
Since we couldn't get BTC WDs out many started WDing whatever they could get out like DOGE and ETH.. We soon noticed that we couldn't get many others out either such as DRK/DASH which turned out to also be on fractional reserve.
The coins that we could get out, people were buying like crazy to WD, especially DOGE and DGB.. This pushed the price of DOGE about 2X higher on cryptsy than Polo as people were buying it in mass to flee the exchange..
The worse it got the worse it got..
I myself had no idea yet what was really going on so I was taking advantage of the situation by WDing lesser known coins to polo and topia like UNO and GLD and then sending DOGE back to cryptsy for the massive arbatrage opportunity..
It worked for me because I would only send in a value what I already lined up to get back out. Found something that the wallet still worked and had enough liquidity to buy to WD..
In the end when Cryptsy shut its doors for good I only lost a few hundred goldcoin that I was trying to WD after an ARB..
I guess the moral of the story is that everything seems fine under fractional reserve utill it isn't, and then it gets bad fast..
Once people get scared and start the run on the bank then the problem gets worse and people get more scared and more people run and it quickly ends in catastrophy..
I feel very sorry for a few of my chat friends that trusted Cryptsy. They just held on waiting for their WDs to process (never did) and one friend was even sending BTC in to help others WD (because WDs only worked = to incoming deposits). They trusted and held and lost a lot..
Thank god I was suspicious enough to join this forum to figure out what was happening and didn't just trust Cryptsy and lose everything..
I didn't speak out here much at first in fear of being banned from Cryptsy but once it got really bad it didn't matter much anymore..
These days I keep most of my coin on a ledger nano and in physical coins and only send what I want to trade to exchanges.