The number of citizens in the USA is about 300 million.
That means if you simply, gave all the money from taxes to each, equally:
Each citizen would get $10k from taxes, apart from their private earnings.
This would free people from having silly jobs, coming up with a highly productive and liberated society.
I hope you understand why this wouldn't work, for a start the government doing the taxing would need to cover its costs,
If you taxed and redistrubuted or even if you just printed $10,000 for the 300,000 citizens in america you would have hyper inflation, with everybody having so much money nobody would want to work, and those that did would charge higher prices because they know everybody else has the money, so $100 gallon of gas overnight.
What you propose is called Progressive Taxation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_tax