If I do lose my Trezor and need to restore my wallet do I need another Trezor to be able to able access the newly created wallet? Is there anyway to restore a passphrase encrypted Trezor wallet by using Electrum (for example?) Does the passphrase essentially become an extension of the seed phrase?
In order: No, yes, and yes.
You do not need another Trezor. Many different wallets support passphrases, including Ledger devices and Electrum.
Yes. Open Electrum, enter a new wallet name, select "Standard wallet", then "I already have a seed". Enter your 24 word seed. Select "Options" and check the box "Extend this seed with custom words". If your seed was created by Trezor, then it will be BIP39, so tick this option as well. Hit "Next". On the next screen, enter your passphrase. Hit "Next" again to create your wallet (and add a password if desired).
I wouldn't call it an "extension" per se, but you obviously need both to access your coins, and some places do refer to the passphrase as the "25th word". What actually happens is that your seed and passphrase are combined in a function called PBKDF2, which is used to derive your keys.