8333
Yup, it's there
tcp 0 0 *:8333 *:* LISTEN root 14141894 7755/bitcoind
By running bitcoind on the command line are you not trying to talk JSON-RPC to the listener, not bitcoin protocol?
It listens on a different port for RPC, as set by the rpcport option. Your output only has one listening port so I do not think you have enabled RPC. Have you set rpcuser, rpcpassword and rpcport?
FWIW for me:
bitcoind 11819 bitcoind 6u IPv6 xxxxxx20 0t0 TCP *:8333 (LISTEN)
bitcoind 11819 bitcoind 7u IPv4 xxxxxx21 0t0 TCP *:8333 (LISTEN)
bitcoind 11819 bitcoind 105u IPv4 xxxxxx50 0t0 TCP localhost:8332 (LISTEN)
bitcoind 11819 bitcoind 109u IPv6 xxxxxx48 0t0 TCP localhost:8332 (LISTEN)