This was discussed a lot in olden times. In 2014 or so there was a cryptocurrency called Auroracoin which airdropped coins to every citizen of Iceland. Worldcoin could be also described as an example for this concept. It's not exactly an "universal basic income" because it's an one-time payment and lacks regularity, but it's basically the same concept.
There is even an altcoin called
Universal Basic Income (UBI), linked to the
Proof of Humanity project. AFAIK it's quite similar to Worldcoin.
However, there's a big problem with such concept: they only work with a centralized entity who can verify the identities of the participants with a KYC-like system, otherwise everybody would register as many accounts/addresses as possible. Basically what Worldcoin and Auroracoin did. There are some concepts like "
pseudonym parties" coming from Anarchist groups where on a kind of "gathering" people can confirm a pseudonym to a group, but that involves at least a bit of trust in the group "leaders" or "organizers" and also is probably vulnerable to malicious behaviour like doxxing.
And then there's a second big problem: how can such a cryptocurrency get any sustainable value? In the case of Auroracoin for example, the airdrop for every registered new participant was dumped by most participants as fast as possible. I guess WorldCoin will see a similar fate. So the coin must get value due to other reasons.
There's one way I could see something like that materialize: Anonymint (a very knowledgeable user which was banned a lot of times because of his behaviour in the forum) had proposed an "
inverse commons" based on the model of Steemit. It's a space where the participants create value on the blockchain, for example a collection of articles or other media. I could imagine such a model where a small part of the income of this "space" is redistributed regularly among the participants. But the first problem (user identification) remains, or you need a PoS-style system where everybody gets his part of the UBI according to his stake in the system. And I guess the income which can be distributed in such a coin is quite low (couple of cents per month, perhaps ...).
Of course if governments implemented such an idea it could work, but how "universal" could it be? Perhaps if it was implemented by the UN or so ...