Minecraft has not gone opensource but celeron55(Perttu Ahola), a Finnish person started minetest and is trying to make it much more moddable than minecraft is. Many mods add functionality and the aim I think is for making it "minecraft-compatible" if that made any sense. If not I'm just uninformed, I'm just a newbie player.
The image you quoted shows grondilu's lawn on redcrab's server(where I was allowed to build). The latest minetest 0.4.6 comes with almost nothing special and most servers like redcrab's come with lots of mods enabled. Redcrab though doesn't feature any mobs so no mobs will ever attack you there.
One mod I didn't find was the Protection stone mod, a basic protection against griefers. Instead they let you choose 2 areas in total that you can protect with x,y,z coord to x,y,z coord which creates a box where everything is protected inside of it(redcrab's)
If you just have to test minetest with mobs there are servers like Animal's server or the DP_Spanish server.