Author

Topic: What actually is Provably Fairness?! (Read 508 times)

sr. member
Activity: 476
Merit: 259
December 06, 2017, 12:46:04 AM
#35
You hear the word "Provably fairness" a lot thrown around, but it's not really understood fully by everyone.

This article I found on the crypto gambling foundation by Kristof is really good at explaining it. I recommend anyone read it, even if you think you know!

https://cryptogambling.org/provably-fair/

Quote
Before we may begin to understand what makes a casino provably fair, we need to study how the basis of online gambling works. Simply put, players bet on the outcome of randomly generated
numbers.

Formerly, these random numbers were generated solely by the host of a game, leaving complete control in the hands of operators. Participants had to trust the host not generating results in favor of anyone. Casinos operating on these merits caused conflict of interest for those seeking a fair gambling experience.

Due to lack of transparency, the essence of provably fair games was born. Corresponding concepts provide a way for both the operators and players to contribute to randomization, which in turn removes any possibility of deceit or cheating.

The foundation of fair gaming algorithms were laid by pseudorandom number generators, utilizing seeds which determine the outcome of wagers.

A seed shall be equally influenced by players and hosts, meaning that the result of each bet at a provably fair casino is a team effort. The house is no longer in complete control of randomization.

So, wouldn’t this mean that players are able to manipulate results in their own favor?

Commitment schemes to the rescue!


To prevent malicious behavior, hosts mustn’t show us their actual seed at first. Instead, they present a commitment of their own seed to us. Similarly to envelopes, commitments seal and conceal messages contained by them. They cannot be altered or revealed without consent from the sender. For example, hosts may commit a seed by using a one-way hash function or public key cryptography.

Hosts shall provide transparency and proof of authenticity by revealing their actual seeds at the end of each game. Anyone in possession of a host’s commitment may verify the immutability of the corresponding seed.

Bets shall be reproducible once the host seed gets revealed. Players can constantly audit the behavior of hosts by comparing random results calculated by a host and them.
Proving that the outcome of a wager is computed fairly and transparently should be performed by anyone at any time. We strongly believe in widespread use of provably fair algorithms throughout the gaming industry.
Provavly fairness means that then site's script for the gambling game/or for determining a winner for the gambling game is open source, which means that anyone can verify that the site didn"t cheat when it picked the winner.

The big problem that you can't really know if the site uses the code that it shows you or it uses a completely different code.
sr. member
Activity: 532
Merit: 253
December 05, 2017, 08:33:50 PM
#34
When the site is called provably fair but no one can make sure that it is provably enough except they are expert or most people tell their experience for the site.
Provably fair are made by human and there will be a chance for human error so just considering this before make a real deposit
Well, it's true that programmers can make errors while programming a provably fair system, but in reality this would get discovered pretty fast.
It's really not that hard to check if the provably fair system is working correctly and people should stop perpetuating that ' it's too hard to check this yourself '.

Just pick a casino that has had its provably fair algorithm audited on this forum for example, there are threads for the big gambling sites.

Best way to go is to choose a provably fair system which uses the uniform way that the major sites are going with. Server seed - client seed - nonce is always a safe bet.
legendary
Activity: 1792
Merit: 1283
October 27, 2017, 02:14:15 PM
#33
When the site is called provably fair but no one can make sure that it is provably enough except they are expert or most people tell their experience for the site.
Provably fair are made by human and there will be a chance for human error so just considering this before make a real deposit
Well, it's true that programmers can make errors while programming a provably fair system, but in reality this would get discovered pretty fast.
It's really not that hard to check if the provably fair system is working correctly and people should stop perpetuating that ' it's too hard to check this yourself '.

Just pick a casino that has had its provably fair algorithm audited on this forum for example, there are threads for the big gambling sites.
legendary
Activity: 1148
Merit: 1097
Bounty Mngr & Article Writer https://goo.gl/p4Agsh
October 26, 2017, 10:11:44 AM
#32
I had read all about this even before getting into online gambling on casinos. As a matter of fact, I always used to doubt the legitimacy of provably fair sites when I used to get continuous lose streaks and at that time, I used to verify all my bets just to see if they were actually pairing correctly with the seeds. So as far as Bitcoin gambling goes, it is a MUST to play only on sites with an integrated provably fair system for verifying bets.
Gambling is a very difficult thing to predict. very much to find a system that is really fair. I agree with what you say when we find a system that is comfortable in playing gambling then stay and never think to move. because if we move then we will only increase the risk of action that we decide.

Yeah, gambling is unpredictable thing, and same here to predict about fairness system of gambling. I think where we are comfort to play gambling then stay here in this point i agree with you, never to move, our movement it mean we are increase our risk and may be we never feel comfort in our movement. But in this article i got some useful points.     

You mean moving on other gambling site right? How come that it will increase the risk when we move on other Gambling while we are doing first research about the other Gambling site before we move. It is usual to try other site to change your mood and ambiance of gaming and It will not increase the risk unless you just pick random gambling site then deposit on it without doing a background search. I'm always changing gambling site whenever I lose so that my luck might change a bit.  Roll Eyes
But I guess we are already lose to one gambling site before we can move to the next one. Cheesy For me probably fair on different are still the same because most the dice site using same dice script in terms of determining the result of each bet. So I've realize that it is only a waste of time and money if transfer our funds to one gambling site to another since they have fairness offer.

I agree as long as the site is reputable, I think there is no risk of the fund being stolen by the site, I think the risk is still the same just the change of  site and owner Smiley  But as you said if we just go to random gambling site and play to non reputable sites then I would agree the risk of losing our money is greater since it is possible that the gameon that site is not provably fair.
hero member
Activity: 896
Merit: 514
October 26, 2017, 06:23:33 AM
#31
Always redirect to this article when trying to explain provably fair and why I choose to play dice games. People think I'm weird.

I find the article great for people who don't understand yet what provably fair is. Its actually a weird concept for gambling newbies for sure, as likely they don't even care about the process of how random numbers are generated. Though, I would say that there is still no gambling council or group that regulates online cryptocurrency gambling sites if whether they are really provably fair. Maybe that's a step forward for gambling if there would be one.
sr. member
Activity: 532
Merit: 253
October 26, 2017, 12:20:31 AM
#30
Always redirect to this article when trying to explain provably fair and why I choose to play dice games. People think I'm weird.
hero member
Activity: 2996
Merit: 609
October 25, 2017, 02:26:07 PM
#29
When the site is called provably fair but no one can make sure that it is provably enough except they are expert or most people tell their experience for the site.
It is called provably fair because everyone can make sure that result/outcome is fair and site won't cheat you.
Provably fair are made by human and there will be a chance for human error so just considering this before make a real deposit
Research provably fair gambling. There are no errors in it if you feel uncomfortable and if you think gambling site is somehow cheating and not giving you random seeds you can always change client seed and verify the result  Wink
Some people would be contented on doing such thing on just changing the seed but not actually knowing on what are the real purpose of those.This is infact a really story on most gamblers.Some are just joining others recommendations but not actually knowledgeable on what they are doing.Gambling site do have this kind of verification of bets is much better compared to those who havent.
Changing seeds will probably going to change the outcome if you already know the outcome. Some gambling sites like online casinos has offered this to every player by showing of what is really happening. But i think there were some kind of AI who can manipulate the results if they know your betting habit through cookies in your browser. It's more like a changelog that's recording your every move you make.
What are you talking here? AI can manipulate results? You are going off topic brother. If you do know about seed/hashes of such gambling site you would able to find out manipulating those random numbers isnt really easy.Might be possible but would takes time and effort for you to say such thing.
sr. member
Activity: 2506
Merit: 368
October 25, 2017, 01:17:33 PM
#28
When the site is called provably fair but no one can make sure that it is provably enough except they are expert or most people tell their experience for the site.
It is called provably fair because everyone can make sure that result/outcome is fair and site won't cheat you.
Provably fair are made by human and there will be a chance for human error so just considering this before make a real deposit
Research provably fair gambling. There are no errors in it if you feel uncomfortable and if you think gambling site is somehow cheating and not giving you random seeds you can always change client seed and verify the result  Wink
Some people would be contented on doing such thing on just changing the seed but not actually knowing on what are the real purpose of those.This is infact a really story on most gamblers.Some are just joining others recommendations but not actually knowledgeable on what they are doing.Gambling site do have this kind of verification of bets is much better compared to those who havent.
Changing seeds will probably going to change the outcome if you already know the outcome. Some gambling sites like online casinos has offered this to every player by showing of what is really happening. But i think there were some kind of AI who can manipulate the results if they know your betting habit through cookies in your browser. It's more like a changelog that's recording your every move you make.
hero member
Activity: 2996
Merit: 609
October 25, 2017, 12:49:06 PM
#27
When the site is called provably fair but no one can make sure that it is provably enough except they are expert or most people tell their experience for the site.
It is called provably fair because everyone can make sure that result/outcome is fair and site won't cheat you.
Provably fair are made by human and there will be a chance for human error so just considering this before make a real deposit
Research provably fair gambling. There are no errors in it if you feel uncomfortable and if you think gambling site is somehow cheating and not giving you random seeds you can always change client seed and verify the result  Wink
Some people would be contented on doing such thing on just changing the seed but not actually knowing on what are the real purpose of those.This is infact a really story on most gamblers.Some are just joining others recommendations but not actually knowledgeable on what they are doing.Gambling site do have this kind of verification of bets is much better compared to those who havent.
sr. member
Activity: 770
Merit: 254
October 25, 2017, 12:39:36 PM
#26
When the site is called provably fair but no one can make sure that it is provably enough except they are expert or most people tell their experience for the site.
It is called provably fair because everyone can make sure that result/outcome is fair and site won't cheat you.
Provably fair are made by human and there will be a chance for human error so just considering this before make a real deposit
Research provably fair gambling. There are no errors in it if you feel uncomfortable and if you think gambling site is somehow cheating and not giving you random seeds you can always change client seed and verify the result  Wink
sr. member
Activity: 532
Merit: 253
October 24, 2017, 08:20:26 PM
#25
When the site is called provably fair but no one can make sure that it is provably enough except they are expert or most people tell their experience for the site.
Provably fair are made by human and there will be a chance for human error so just considering this before make a real deposit

The thing is provably fair can be audited by anyone. There's a public ledger of bets. Someone can run a script and easily check for everyone else if there are any unfair bets made.
legendary
Activity: 3010
Merit: 1280
Get $2100 deposit bonuses & 60 FS
October 19, 2017, 12:30:07 PM
#24
I had read all about this even before getting into online gambling on casinos. As a matter of fact, I always used to doubt the legitimacy of provably fair sites when I used to get continuous lose streaks and at that time, I used to verify all my bets just to see if they were actually pairing correctly with the seeds. So as far as Bitcoin gambling goes, it is a MUST to play only on sites with an integrated provably fair system for verifying bets.
Gambling is a very difficult thing to predict. very much to find a system that is really fair. I agree with what you say when we find a system that is comfortable in playing gambling then stay and never think to move. because if we move then we will only increase the risk of action that we decide.

Yeah, gambling is unpredictable thing, and same here to predict about fairness system of gambling. I think where we are comfort to play gambling then stay here in this point i agree with you, never to move, our movement it mean we are increase our risk and may be we never feel comfort in our movement. But in this article i got some useful points.     

You mean moving on other gambling site right? How come that it will increase the risk when we move on other Gambling while we are doing first research about the other Gambling site before we move. It is usual to try other site to change your mood and ambiance of gaming and It will not increase the risk unless you just pick random gambling site then deposit on it without doing a background search. I'm always changing gambling site whenever I lose so that my luck might change a bit.  Roll Eyes

I agree as long as the site is reputable, I think there is no risk of the fund being stolen by the site, I think the risk is still the same just the change of  site and owner Smiley  But as you said if we just go to random gambling site and play to non reputable sites then I would agree the risk of losing our money is greater since it is possible that the gameon that site is not provably fair.
legendary
Activity: 1862
Merit: 1015
October 19, 2017, 05:29:28 AM
#23
When the site is called provably fair but no one can make sure that it is provably enough except they are expert or most people tell their experience for the site.
Provably fair are made by human and there will be a chance for human error so just considering this before make a real deposit
legendary
Activity: 1148
Merit: 1097
Bounty Mngr & Article Writer https://goo.gl/p4Agsh
October 19, 2017, 05:07:04 AM
#22
I had read all about this even before getting into online gambling on casinos. As a matter of fact, I always used to doubt the legitimacy of provably fair sites when I used to get continuous lose streaks and at that time, I used to verify all my bets just to see if they were actually pairing correctly with the seeds. So as far as Bitcoin gambling goes, it is a MUST to play only on sites with an integrated provably fair system for verifying bets.
Gambling is a very difficult thing to predict. very much to find a system that is really fair. I agree with what you say when we find a system that is comfortable in playing gambling then stay and never think to move. because if we move then we will only increase the risk of action that we decide.

Yeah, gambling is unpredictable thing, and same here to predict about fairness system of gambling. I think where we are comfort to play gambling then stay here in this point i agree with you, never to move, our movement it mean we are increase our risk and may be we never feel comfort in our movement. But in this article i got some useful points.     

You mean moving on other gambling site right? How come that it will increase the risk when we move on other Gambling while we are doing first research about the other Gambling site before we move. It is usual to try other site to change your mood and ambiance of gaming and It will not increase the risk unless you just pick random gambling site then deposit on it without doing a background search. I'm always changing gambling site whenever I lose so that my luck might change a bit.  Roll Eyes
hero member
Activity: 2814
Merit: 618
Leading Crypto Sports Betting & Casino Platform
October 19, 2017, 04:28:18 AM
#21
I had read all about this even before getting into online gambling on casinos. As a matter of fact, I always used to doubt the legitimacy of provably fair sites when I used to get continuous lose streaks and at that time, I used to verify all my bets just to see if they were actually pairing correctly with the seeds. So as far as Bitcoin gambling goes, it is a MUST to play only on sites with an integrated provably fair system for verifying bets.
Gambling is a very difficult thing to predict. very much to find a system that is really fair. I agree with what you say when we find a system that is comfortable in playing gambling then stay and never think to move. because if we move then we will only increase the risk of action that we decide.

Yeah, gambling is unpredictable thing, and same here to predict about fairness system of gambling. I think where we are comfort to play gambling then stay here in this point i agree with you, never to move, our movement it mean we are increase our risk and may be we never feel comfort in our movement. But in this article i got some useful points.     
sr. member
Activity: 269
Merit: 251
October 18, 2017, 07:54:49 PM
#20
Great article OP. I would still like to know though who evaluates whether the chances of each number showing up was actually fair. Like how do we know whether the chances of rolling 1 and rolling 99 the same chances? I wish there is a governing body that would totally be the one to evaluate whether the games are provably fair indeed. It's hard for normal players to really know whether a game is indeed provably fair.

There's 3rd party sites which do this. They use the same formula the sites uses and re creates the roll the exact same way, this time with revealed seeds.
hero member
Activity: 756
Merit: 505
October 11, 2017, 03:01:53 PM
#19
Great article OP. I would still like to know though who evaluates whether the chances of each number showing up was actually fair. Like how do we know whether the chances of rolling 1 and rolling 99 the same chances? I wish there is a governing body that would totally be the one to evaluate whether the games are provably fair indeed. It's hard for normal players to really know whether a game is indeed provably fair.
legendary
Activity: 1596
Merit: 1011
October 10, 2017, 09:21:16 AM
#18
I had read all about this even before getting into online gambling on casinos. As a matter of fact, I always used to doubt the legitimacy of provably fair sites when I used to get continuous lose streaks and at that time, I used to verify all my bets just to see if they were actually pairing correctly with the seeds. So as far as Bitcoin gambling goes, it is a MUST to play only on sites with an integrated provably fair system for verifying bets.
Gambling is a very difficult thing to predict. very much to find a system that is really fair. I agree with what you say when we find a system that is comfortable in playing gambling then stay and never think to move. because if we move then we will only increase the risk of action that we decide.
hero member
Activity: 2996
Merit: 609
October 10, 2017, 08:56:57 AM
#17
This is a nice explanation but it will not do you any good if you don't know how to manually check by yourself if a gambling website is really provably fair or not.

I've found an old article that will teach you how to check each of your bets to see if they were fair. He's checking a Blackjack game, but you can easily apply this to other games on different websites yourself.

http://www.provablyfairplay.com/blog/how-to-manually-verify-provably-fair-games.html
This is why most people wont really bother at all to check for themselves manually because it is somehow complicated specially to those gamblers who do have zero knowledge when it comes into hashes or any other related thing.Thanks for the effort made by OP which it would really enlighten some people who doesnt what provable fairness means and also to the link you provided.
legendary
Activity: 1792
Merit: 1283
October 10, 2017, 08:47:01 AM
#16
This is a nice explanation but it will not do you any good if you don't know how to manually check by yourself if a gambling website is really provably fair or not.

I've found an old article that will teach you how to check each of your bets to see if they were fair. He's checking a Blackjack game, but you can easily apply this to other games on different websites yourself.

http://www.provablyfairplay.com/blog/how-to-manually-verify-provably-fair-games.html
sr. member
Activity: 602
Merit: 252
October 10, 2017, 08:00:48 AM
#15
I had read all about this even before getting into online gambling on casinos. As a matter of fact, I always used to doubt the legitimacy of provably fair sites when I used to get continuous lose streaks and at that time, I used to verify all my bets just to see if they were actually pairing correctly with the seeds. So as far as Bitcoin gambling goes, it is a MUST to play only on sites with an integrated provably fair system for verifying bets.
legendary
Activity: 966
Merit: 1006
October 10, 2017, 07:37:39 AM
#14
Nice explanation. Now how do we get everybody to check their actual bets?

I'm sure hardly anybody ever checked if the outcome of their bet was fair unless they lost a major chunk at one point.
Its just optional most of the players including me not always care about checking and verifying each of my role other than on first few betting when I will be trying some new casino or when I will loss good amount of money with very low odd in a single role.

Most of the new gamblers even don't know why provably fairness is very important, they just focus on beating house edge.
legendary
Activity: 1176
Merit: 1001
The most Professional Cryptocurrency Casino
October 10, 2017, 07:06:01 AM
#13
with this article i got some interest now with provably fair unlike before that i just entrust my game with the site host and wait for my luck to hit me
up, many thanks for the informative topic which tackle the very basic of our gambling activity, knowing the real factors of fairness should be the first
that we look upon the house.
Yeah nothing we can do than only trust host if they are fair and for the rest we only hope on the luck because it is very difficult to prove it. we should get rid of suspicion if we have a desire to bet on a particular game.

You hear the word "Provably fairness" a lot thrown around, but it's not really understood fully by everyone.

This article I found on the crypto gambling foundation by Kristof is really good at explaining it. I recommend anyone read it, even if you think you know!

https://cryptogambling.org/provably-fair/

Quote
Before we may begin to understand what makes a casino provably fair, we need to study how the basis of online gambling works. Simply put, players bet on the outcome of randomly generated
numbers.

Formerly, these random numbers were generated solely by the host of a game, leaving complete control in the hands of operators. Participants had to trust the host not generating results in favor of anyone. Casinos operating on these merits caused conflict of interest for those seeking a fair gambling experience.

Due to lack of transparency, the essence of provably fair games was born. Corresponding concepts provide a way for both the operators and players to contribute to randomization, which in turn removes any possibility of deceit or cheating.

The foundation of fair gaming algorithms were laid by pseudorandom number generators, utilizing seeds which determine the outcome of wagers.

A seed shall be equally influenced by players and hosts, meaning that the result of each bet at a provably fair casino is a team effort. The house is no longer in complete control of randomization.

So, wouldn’t this mean that players are able to manipulate results in their own favor?

Commitment schemes to the rescue!


To prevent malicious behavior, hosts mustn’t show us their actual seed at first. Instead, they present a commitment of their own seed to us. Similarly to envelopes, commitments seal and conceal messages contained by them. They cannot be altered or revealed without consent from the sender. For example, hosts may commit a seed by using a one-way hash function or public key cryptography.

Hosts shall provide transparency and proof of authenticity by revealing their actual seeds at the end of each game. Anyone in possession of a host’s commitment may verify the immutability of the corresponding seed.

Bets shall be reproducible once the host seed gets revealed. Players can constantly audit the behavior of hosts by comparing random results calculated by a host and them.
Proving that the outcome of a wager is computed fairly and transparently should be performed by anyone at any time. We strongly believe in widespread use of provably fair algorithms throughout the gaming industry.
OP: thanks this is a great article but we need more specific information to know if they are really fair.
legendary
Activity: 3024
Merit: 2148
October 10, 2017, 01:41:21 AM
#12
I'm not by any means an expert in applied cryptography but I think I see some potential attack vectors for Provably Fair system that may allow some cheating.

In order to cheat in a game, the casino must somehow know what seed a player will enter before they commit their own seed, by default players seed is generated by their browser and if they use poor RNG, it's possible for a casino to adjust their own seeds to get some big edge - or even complete 100% control if the RNG is completely broken. The situation is similar with seeds typed manually - humans are very bad at generating random strings, so again server seeds can be adjusted to give casino an edge. There are also cases when casinos don't automatically call for a new seed from a player, which means that the same player seed can be reused over and over again - in this scenario it's extremely easy to adjust next servers seeds to get any results you want.

The other vector of attack is more theoretical - if casino is able to generate collisions for the hash function used for commitment, they can effectively commit multiple seeds at the same time and then pick the one that would be winning for them, if possible. This means that it's important that only secure hash functions are used, like SHA-2 and SHA-3 and not MD5.
legendary
Activity: 1946
Merit: 1007
October 10, 2017, 12:54:43 AM
#11
Nice explanation. Now how do we get everybody to check their actual bets?

I'm sure hardly anybody ever checked if the outcome of their bet was fair unless they lost a major chunk at one point.
hero member
Activity: 2814
Merit: 618
Leading Crypto Sports Betting & Casino Platform
October 10, 2017, 12:31:46 AM
#10
Yeah, this article really helpful for those people who have little knowledge about provably fairness. Also it is good to read, when i was reading this article, then one thing came in my mind that if anyone want to discussion with me about this topic, then sure i will give the link and free ourself from this long discussion.   
hero member
Activity: 910
Merit: 550
October 09, 2017, 11:27:55 PM
#9
This is really helpful for those people who keeps asking what is provably fairness. I've been here in this forum for a long time and i could say that there's no single week where they're keep asking this things even tho there's an internet to use. In this article you give the good point and good explanation what it really is.
sr. member
Activity: 269
Merit: 251
October 09, 2017, 10:52:52 PM
#8
That's a really good article. Even I didn't knew about provable fairness in this detail, and I'm sure many new players in BTC gambling ask this question everyday. So this would really help them.

It's a question as to how do we spread the word about this further without spamming...
hero member
Activity: 1050
Merit: 529
October 09, 2017, 10:17:28 PM
#7
That's a really good article. Even I didn't knew about provable fairness in this detail, and I'm sure many new players in BTC gambling ask this question everyday. So this would really help them.
hero member
Activity: 1302
Merit: 540
October 09, 2017, 09:32:59 PM
#6
with this article i got some interest now with provably fair unlike before that i just entrust my game with the site host and wait for my luck to hit me
up, many thanks for the informative topic which tackle the very basic of our gambling activity, knowing the real factors of fairness should be the first
that we look upon the house.
full member
Activity: 294
Merit: 114
October 09, 2017, 09:24:37 PM
#5
It'd be great if we could have a simpler representation of provably fair. It's something that's far more important than people are led on to believe.
Another awesome article. I actually went through a lot more of the stuff on that website and its well done. Is the foundation stagnate atm? Is anything happening?

Yeah I always get confuse when I see that statement in gambling site. But I actually do not visit gambling to often and never gamble a lot. I only see this words from freebitco.in whenever I roll in that faucet site. Grin

At first I thought this thread will be asking about that statement, and it turn out to be an explaination. Thanks for the useful information. Even though you do not get anything from this, but we really appreciate this. Grin
full member
Activity: 290
Merit: 100
October 09, 2017, 08:33:30 PM
#4
This is excellent! Some people asked the same question, I spent lots of time to explain it, this is good! thanks for sharing!
full member
Activity: 182
Merit: 100
Edward Miroslav
October 09, 2017, 05:30:00 PM
#3
It'd be great if we could have a simpler representation of provably fair. It's something that's far more important than people are led on to believe.
sr. member
Activity: 269
Merit: 251
October 09, 2017, 01:06:05 AM
#2
Another awesome article. I actually went through a lot more of the stuff on that website and its well done. Is the foundation stagnate atm? Is anything happening?
sr. member
Activity: 532
Merit: 253
October 09, 2017, 12:19:53 AM
#1
You hear the word "Provably fairness" a lot thrown around, but it's not really understood fully by everyone.

This article I found on the crypto gambling foundation by Kristof is really good at explaining it. I recommend anyone read it, even if you think you know!

https://cryptogambling.org/provably-fair/

Quote
Before we may begin to understand what makes a casino provably fair, we need to study how the basis of online gambling works. Simply put, players bet on the outcome of randomly generated
numbers.

Formerly, these random numbers were generated solely by the host of a game, leaving complete control in the hands of operators. Participants had to trust the host not generating results in favor of anyone. Casinos operating on these merits caused conflict of interest for those seeking a fair gambling experience.

Due to lack of transparency, the essence of provably fair games was born. Corresponding concepts provide a way for both the operators and players to contribute to randomization, which in turn removes any possibility of deceit or cheating.

The foundation of fair gaming algorithms were laid by pseudorandom number generators, utilizing seeds which determine the outcome of wagers.

A seed shall be equally influenced by players and hosts, meaning that the result of each bet at a provably fair casino is a team effort. The house is no longer in complete control of randomization.

So, wouldn’t this mean that players are able to manipulate results in their own favor?

Commitment schemes to the rescue!


To prevent malicious behavior, hosts mustn’t show us their actual seed at first. Instead, they present a commitment of their own seed to us. Similarly to envelopes, commitments seal and conceal messages contained by them. They cannot be altered or revealed without consent from the sender. For example, hosts may commit a seed by using a one-way hash function or public key cryptography.

Hosts shall provide transparency and proof of authenticity by revealing their actual seeds at the end of each game. Anyone in possession of a host’s commitment may verify the immutability of the corresponding seed.

Bets shall be reproducible once the host seed gets revealed. Players can constantly audit the behavior of hosts by comparing random results calculated by a host and them.
Proving that the outcome of a wager is computed fairly and transparently should be performed by anyone at any time. We strongly believe in widespread use of provably fair algorithms throughout the gaming industry.
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