when I deposit coins into an exchange such as Coinbase or Kraken, then do they store my coins in my own private wallet or is it held in a big general wallet?
i'm actually curious how kraken does it since they offer margin trading, to USA traders no less.
the CFTC fined bitfinex in 2016 for failure to deliver BTC from financed/margin transactions to the actual owners:
The Order finds that from April 2013 to at least February 2016, Bitfinex permitted users to borrow funds from other users on the platform in order to trade bitcoins on a leveraged, margined, or financed basis. The Order also finds that Bitfinex did not actually deliver those bitcoins to the traders who purchased them. Instead, Bitfinex held the bitcoins in deposit wallets that it owned and controlled, the Order states.
this is what led them to create a bitgo setup where each user account was "segregated" and held the exact amount of bitcoins owned by the account holder. so in mid 2016, if you knew an account holder's exchange/margin/lending deposit addresses, you could see exactly how much was in their account.
unfortunately, in addition to these privacy issues, the bitgo setup had serious security lapses. the entire BTC storage was basically a hot wallet, and bitfinex ended up getting hacked for 120k BTC shortly after.......