Keep in mind that this is a fast evolving technology, so there is the risk that it changes significantly by the time you catch up.
I suggest you start reading the basics of Distributed Ledger Technologies, a sort of common ground for all the different existing architectures. Then I would pass to the "historic" cases (sounds kind of strange for something didn't exist 10 years ago) of BlockChain, with the practical examples of BitCoin and Ethereum. Finally you can explore more exotic alternatives which respond to some of the issues / limitations of BlockChain, like IOTA.
Are you interested just in financial applications / speculation or are you planning to evaluate the use of DLT for different applications?