Both I believe. I can't speak for those countries but with mine, when democracy was introduced it was quite limited on who can vote and those that can afford to run were part of the colonial elite anyway. So really, not much has changed. Still, some areas lagged considerably and I chalk that up to their culture.
I'm of the opinion that democracy as a concept doesn't work in many third world countries. It's an instrument introduced by colonial elites to rule over the masses who fail to grasp the salience of whole concept let alone the subtleties. Voters can easily be manipulated into casting their votes for candidates offering people various incentives during election times.
Well any way you look at it, a county's government is much to blame for whatever situation that country is in. Of course people being lax and too lazy to educate themselves would be a big part of this as well but the government has the responsibility to provide its citizens with enough means to make their lives better