The idea is that so many explosives go off that it knocks so much dirt and sediment into the sky that it blocks out the sun. The time that it takes for all the dust to settle may not be as long as people expect it but it may be long enough to have a significant impact on many ecosystems. It won't completely block out the sun obviously but all plant life will suffer because of this. If plant life suffers for a season or two, imagine animal life for a season or two after that. Once one system gets crippled, all other systems that are dependent on it will crumble. It won't be the end of civilization or anything like that(unless it's extremely catastrophic like an asteroid or something,) but it will bring our current lifestyle to an end. People will need a decent amount of resources to survive to exist past this, but remember this is all on top of whatever massive destruction that caused a nuclear winter in the first place. So the assumption is that an already destroyed civilization will struggle to maintain itself as a result of both events.
I take the example of volcanic eruption :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_volcanic_eruptionswhat do you estimate to be the total volume of dust from all nukes in the sky? one big source more than the explosion will be the fires, forests, cities etc...
I believe that it fall very very fast and that there is 0 problem from the dust from total nuclear arsenal worldwide use concerning the sky clarity. I believe the plants can endure a few days of dust (ocean will not be nuked) and can absorb everything so fast... the clouds will still be there at the moment of explosions.
However the fall outs and radioactive particles spread will be yuge, and lasting, millions years... that when the hot zones of the sahara will move it will kill decades later, slowly... and as most nuke plants will have gone, I don't expect any modern form of civilization capable of fighting the health effects of radiation...
Nuclear winter is a propaganda tool to help focus goys mind on irrational fear.
only fear going away from God. the rest... is shortsighted.